The impact of deprivation and neighbourhood food environments on home food environments, parental feeding practices, child eating behaviours, food preferences and BMI: The Family Food Experience Study-London.

Background: Childhood obesity inequalities in England persist despite targeted interventions focused on promoting healthy diets and food environments. This study, part of the Family Food Experience Study-London, aimed to investigate the impact of deprivation and neighbourhood food environments on home food environments, parental feeding practices, child eating behaviours, food preferences, and child BMI.

Methods: Families (n = 728) with primary school-aged children were recruited from four socioeconomically diverse London boroughs in 2022.

The Development and Validation of the Smell-Qx Questionnaire, Based on a Systematic Review of the Literature and the COMET Initiative on the Development of Core Outcome Sets for Clinical Trials in Olfactory Disorders.

Background: Olfactory dysfunction affects up to 22% of the population. Accurate assessment is vital for diagnosis and tracking outcomes, often using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Aims: We aimed to develop and validate a novel questionnaire for assessing olfactory and gustatory dysfunction.

Impact of nutritional-behavioral and supervised exercise intervention following bariatric surgery: The BARI-LIFESTYLE randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The study's aim was to investigate the impact of a 12-month adjunctive lifestyle intervention on weight loss and health outcomes after bariatric surgery.

Methods: A total of 153 participants (78.4% females; mean [SD], age 44.

Appetite disinhibition rather than hunger explains genetic effects on adult BMI trajectory.

Background/objectives: The mediating role of eating behaviors in genetic susceptibility to weight gain during mid-adult life is not fully understood. This longitudinal study aims to help us understand contributions of genetic susceptibility and appetite to weight gain.

Subjects/methods: We followed the body-mass index (BMI) trajectories of 2464 adults from 45 to 65 years of age by measuring weight and height on four occasions at 5-year intervals.

Development of a tool to assess oral health-related quality of life in patients hospitalised in critical care.

Aims And Objectives: Oral health deteriorates following hospitalisation in critical care units (CCU) but there are no validated measures to assess effects on oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL). The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a tool (CCU-OHQoL) to assess OHQoL amongst patients admitted to CCU, (ii) to collect data to analyse the validity, reliability and acceptability of the CCU-OHQoL tool and (iii) to investigate patient-reported outcome measures of OHQoL in patients hospitalised in a CCU.

Methods: The project included three phases: (1) the development of an initial questionnaire informed by a literature review and expert panel, (2) testing of the tool in CCU (n = 18) followed by semi-structured interviews to assess acceptability, face and content validity and (3) final tool modification and testing of CCU-OHQoL questionnaire to assess validity and reliability.

The teaching of occlusion in undergraduate dental schools in the UK and Ireland.

Aim This study investigated and evaluated the teaching of occlusion in undergraduate dental schools in the UK and Ireland, the thorough understanding of which would facilitate young graduates to become competent practitioners.Material and methods A mixed-methods approach was employed, with primary data generated and collected by using a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey which was followed-up by semi-structured interviews. The hard copy questionnaires enquired about: i) whether occlusion was taught; ii) how long was spent by schools teaching occlusion; iii) what teaching resources were employed; iv) tutors' perceptions of how well prepared for general practice new graduates were; and v) how was knowledge/skill assessed.

Association between circulating levels of heat-shock protein 27 and aggressive periodontitis.

Heat-shock protein (Hsp) 27 is a major intracellular molecular chaperone and controller of intracellular responses to inflammatory signals. In the extracellular space, recombinant Hsp27 has been described to exert anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to assess the association between circulating levels of Hsp27 and different types of periodontitis.

Does psychosocial stress exacerbate avoidant responses to cancer information in those who are afraid of cancer? A population-based survey among older adults in England.

Objective: Communication of cancer information is an important element of cancer control, but cancer fear may lead to information avoidance, especially when coping is low. We examined the association between cancer fear and cancer information avoidance, and tested whether this was exacerbated by psychosocial stress.

Design: Cross-sectional survey of 1258 population-based adults (58-70 years) in England.

Investigation to test potential stereolithography materials for development of an in vitro root canal model.

The aims were to compare the physico-chemical properties (zeta-potential, wettability, surface free energy) of stereolithography materials (STL) (Photopolymer, Accura) to dentine and to evaluate the potential of each material to develop Enterococcus faecalis biofilm on their respective surfaces. Eighteen samples of each test material (Photopolymer, Accura, dentine) were employed (total n = 54) and sectioned to 1 mm squares (5 mm x 5 mm) (n = 15) or ground into a powder to measure zeta-potential (n = 3). The zeta-potential of the powder was measured using the Nano-Zetasizer technique.

Meal size is a critical driver of weight gain in early childhood.

Larger serving sizes and more frequent eating episodes have been implicated in the rising prevalence of obesity at a population level. This study examines the relative contributions of meal size and frequency to weight gain in a large sample of British children. Using 3-day diet diaries from 1939 children aged 21 months from the Gemini twin cohort, we assessed prospective associations between meal size, meal frequency and weight gain from two to five years.

Experimental models for contamination of titanium surfaces and disinfection protocols.

Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to describe an in vitro model of peri-implantitis microcosm for contamination of titanium surfaces and an in vivo model for evaluating different disinfection strategies of titanium surfaces.

Materials And Methods: Biofilms were grown in vitro for 30 days on sandblasted large-grit acid-etched (SLA) Ti discs (n = 69) in a constant depth film fermentor (CDFF) associated with peri-implantitis conditions. Four Swedish loop rabbits were randomly allocated in three test groups (T , T , T ) and one control group (C).

Appetite and growth: a longitudinal sibling analysis.

Importance: Identifying early markers of future obesity risk can help target preventive interventions. Several studies have shown that a heartier appetite in infancy is a risk factor for more rapid weight gain, but to date no investigations have been able to rule out familial confounding.

Objectives: To use a sibling design (data from same-sex, dizygotic twin pairs) to test the hypothesis that sibling differences in infant appetite predicted differential weight gain during childhood.

Risk associated behavior in premorbid multiple sclerosis: A case-control study.

Background: It is generally accepted that individuals who subsequently develop MS are more likely to be smokers, have suffered glandular fever and to have a low blood vitamin D level. Previous research suggested that a unifying premise is risk-associated behavior before MS onset. This survey explores several health-adverse premorbid behaviors using a case-control design.

An international measure of awareness and beliefs about cancer: development and testing of the ABC.

Objectives: To develop an internationally validated measure of cancer awareness and beliefs; the awareness and beliefs about cancer (ABC) measure.

Design And Setting: Items modified from existing measures were assessed by a working group in six countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the UK). Validation studies were completed in the UK, and cross-sectional surveys of the general population were carried out in the six participating countries.

Neuroticism and cardiovascular disease mortality: socioeconomic status modifies the risk in women (UK Health and Lifestyle Survey).

Objective: The association between personality traits and mortality might differ as a function of socioeconomic status (SES). Our aim was to evaluate the all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality risk associated with neuroticism or extraversion and their interactions with SES in a representative sample of the UK adult population.

Methods: A total of 5450 participants (2505 men) from the Health and Lifestyle Survey completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory at baseline and were monitored for vital status over 25 years.

The intergenerational transmission of thinness.

Objectives: To examine intergenerational associations for thinness and to compare maternal and paternal effects.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional design using data from the Health Survey for England from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2006.

Setting: The Health Survey for England, an annual, national survey representative of the population living in private households in England.

Eating for pleasure or profit: the effect of incentives on children's enjoyment of vegetables.

Parents commonly use rewards to encourage children to eat healthfully, but this practice remains controversial because rewards are suspected of undermining children's intrinsic motivation. A cluster-randomized trial examined children's acceptance of a disliked vegetable over 12 daily taste exposures. These exposures were paired with a tangible reward, a social reward, or no reward, and the findings were compared with the results from a no-treatment control condition.

Comparing maternal and paternal intergenerational transmission of obesity risk in a large population-based sample.

Background: Previous research showed childhood obesity to be more strongly associated with maternal weight than with paternal weight. However, confidence in this finding is limited by the lack of objectively measured data from both parents.

Objective: We quantified the individual and combined effects of maternal and paternal overweight/obesity on obesity risk in children.

Multiple sclerosis, lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the central role of Epstein-Barr virus?

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) share epidemiologic characteristics suggesting a possible common etiology. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with HL, Burkitt lymphoma, some varieties of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Method: Patients were located through MS databases for (a) Barking and Havering, NE London; catchment approximately 400,000; MS patient number 751, and (b) Nottingham, catchment approximately 2,000,000; MS patient number 1,236.

Perceived stress and weight gain in adolescence: a longitudinal analysis.

Although perceived stress has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for obesity, epidemiological studies relating stress to weight gain have shown mixed results. We examined prospective associations between perceived stress and changes in waist circumference and BMI in a large study of adolescents. As part of the Health and Behaviour in Teenagers Study (HABITS), height, weight, and waist circumference were measured annually in 4,065 adolescents aged from 11 to 16.

Eating rate is a heritable phenotype related to weight in children.

Background: There is growing interest in the heritability of behavioral phenotypes related to adiposity. One potential candidate is the speed of eating, although existing evidence for an association with weight is mixed.

Objective: We aimed to assess the speed of eating in a sample of 10-12-y-old children to test the hypotheses that higher eating rate is related to greater adiposity and that eating rate is a heritable characteristic.

Trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adolescence: ethnic and socioeconomic differences.

Objective: To assess developmental trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in British adolescents in relation to sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES).

Design: A 5-year longitudinal study of a diverse cohort of students aged 11-12 years at baseline in 1999.

Setting: 36 London schools sampled using a stratified random sampling procedure.

Development of adiposity in adolescence: five year longitudinal study of an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of young people in Britain.

Objective: To examine the developmental trajectory of obesity in adolescence in relation to sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Design: Five year longitudinal cohort study of a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of school students aged 11-12 years at baseline.

Setting: 36 London schools recruited to the study in 1999 by a stratified random sampling procedure.

Can self-care health books affect amount of contact with the primary health care team? A randomized controlled trial in general practice.

Objective: To investigate the effects of two differently styled self-care health books in general practice on the frequency and duration of patients' consultations and their views of the books.

Design: Random allocation of patients to either a descriptive or a decision-tree based self-care health book, or a no-book control condition. Three- and 12-months follow-up by postal questionnaire and monitoring of consultations.