Quantification of liver steatosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease based on body composition analysis.

Liver steatosis can be measured with ultrasound techniques such as the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) on an equipped FibroScan. For more widespread screening and quantitative evaluation of liver steatosis, a predictive model using body composition data obtained by body bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was developed. In the training cohort including 365 patients suspected of having metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, a stepwise selection method was used to determine the BIA-related variables associated with CAP.

Comparative analysis of patient-derived organoids and patient-derived xenografts as avatar models for predicting response to anti-cancer therapy.

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and organoids (PDO) are widely used to model cancer and predict treatment response in matched patients. However, their predictive accuracy has not been systematically studied nor compared. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using PDX or PDO from solid tumors treated with identical anti-cancer agents as the matched patient, identifying 411 patient-model pairs (267 PDX, 144 PDO).

Impact of metabolic dysfunction on treatment responses to nucleos(t)ide analogues in chronic hepatitis B: a retrospective multi-center REAL-B cohort study.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction is associated with liver disease but it is unclear if it would impact responses to antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Methods: Using data from an international consortium of 4507 treatment-naïve CHB patients who initiated nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) between January 2004 and August 2024 from 32 centers and propensity-score matching (PSM) to balance the background of patients with and without metabolic disease (diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, or hypertension), we compared their biochemical (BR), virologic (VR), and complete (CR) response.

Findings: More than half (54.

Developing risk stratification strategies and biomarkers for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with high rates of post-resection recurrence posing significant clinical challenges. Early recurrence is largely driven by aggressive tumor biology, while late recurrence reflects de novo carcinogenesis in a cirrhotic liver. Traditional clinical and pathological predictors are insufficient for accurately identifying high-risk patients.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance and Survival in a Contemporary Asia-Pacific Cohort.

Importance: The etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are changing. It is unclear whether the benefit of surveillance for people with HCC remains consistent given the changing etiologies of the disease.

Objective: To evaluate the association of HCC surveillance with the survival rates of a large contemporary cohort of people with HCC.

The Rising Global Burden of MASLD and Other Metabolic Diseases (2000-2021).

Background: Metabolic diseases are a public health threat to diverse populations worldwide. This study aims to update the epidemiological trends of metabolic diseases across regions and sociodemographic stratifications using the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021.

Methods: This study focused on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Meta-Analysis: Effects of Steatotic Liver Disease-Associated Genetic Risk Alleles on Longitudinal Outcomes.

Background: Genetic variants associated with risk of steatotic liver disease (SLD) may also influence clinical events.

Aims: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the impact of SLD-associated genetic variants on hepatic and extrahepatic complications in SLD.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Medline databases from inception through July 4th, 2024 for studies on adults with SLD that reported effects of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, HSD17B13 and GCKR variants on the incidence of cirrhosis, major adverse liver outcomes (MALO), cardiovascular disease, extrahepatic malignancy and overall or cause-specific mortality.

Differential HCC risk among HBV indeterminate types at baseline and by phase transition.

Background: Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with indeterminate phase make up a diverse cohort with likely different outcomes.

Objective: We compared the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in indeterminate CHB with different baseline types and by phase transition.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of 1986 (94.

Distribution, Characteristics, and Natural History of Diverse Types of Indeterminate Chronic Hepatitis B: A REAL-B Study.

Background And Aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with indeterminate phase comprises a heterogeneous group of patients. We determined the prevalence of indeterminate CHB overall and characterised novel types and phase transition probabilities of novel types of indeterminate CHB.

Methods: CHB patients were enrolled retrospectively from 24 centres (9 countries/regions).

Head-to-head comparison of MASH resolution index versus FAST for noninvasive prediction of resolution of MASH on biopsy.

Background And Aims: The MASH Resolution Index (MASHResInd) and FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score have been reported to noninvasively predict the resolution of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) on histology. This study aimed to examine head-to-head the diagnostic accuracy of the MASHResInd versus FAST score in detecting MASH resolution.

Approach And Results: This prospective study included 160 participants (64% female) with biopsy-proven MASH and stage 2 or stage 3 fibrosis from a randomized, multicenter trial of pegozafermin.

Prevalence and longitudinal effects on mortality associated with spectrum of alcohol intake in steatotic liver disease: a United States population study.

Background: The recently introduced set of terminologies defining categories of steatotic liver disease (SLD) includes metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and increased alcohol intake (MetALD). The present retrospective cohort study examines clinical characteristics, prevalence, and mortality risk across alcoholic intake spectrum in SLD individuals.

Methods: Data between 1999 to 2018 were extracted from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey registries and analysed.

Longitudinal Clinical Outcomes and Mortality from Steatotic Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The updated consensus introduces "steatotic liver disease" as an umbrella term for all patients with hepatic steatosis, with specific subtypes such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), MetALD (MASLD with moderate alcohol intake), and alcohol-associated liver disease. Understanding the characteristics and long-term outcomes of these subtypes is essential.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis examined studies published between January 2023 and August 2024 in MEDLINE and EMBASE on liver-related events, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality across steatotic liver disease subtypes.

An Expert Consensus Delphi Panel in Metabolic Dysfunction- and Alcohol-associated Liver Disease: Opportunities and Challenges in Clinical Practice.

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction- and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD) is a recently defined entity for individuals with liver steatosis, metabolic dysfunction, and increased alcohol intake. However, the current definition of MetALD poses multiple challenges in clinical practice and research. In this Delphi consensus, we provide practical recommendations for the clinical assessment and management of MetALD to address current clinical challenges in MetALD.

Head-to-Head Comparison of Long-Term HCC Risk of Antivirals-Treated Versus Untreated Low-Level Viremia in HBV-Compensated Cirrhosis.

Background: Among patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected compensated cirrhosis and low-level viremia, there are limited data for comparative outcomes between those treated with oral nucleos(t)ide analogs versus those not. We conducted a large, multi-ethnic, multi-center study to examine the impact of antiviral treatment (AVT) on long-term hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk for compensated cirrhosis and low-level viremia.

Methods: Patients with compensated cirrhosis and low-level viremia (serum HBV-DNA 20-2000 IU/mL) at baseline or before AVT were screened for eligibility from 19 hospitals in South Korea, Singapore, and Japan.

Sex disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease and subtype differences in alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States.

Background/aims: Harmful alcohol use is a substantial contributor to liver diseases, liver cancer, and extrahepatic neoplasms. Patterns of alcohol consumption have shifted over recent decades. This study evaluates trends in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States (US) from 2000 to 2021.

High Global Prevalence of Steatotic Liver Disease and Associated Subtypes: A Meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) encompasses various forms of hepatic steatosis and has become a significant global health concern. Despite its growing burden, a comprehensive understanding of its prevalence is lacking. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to provide a detailed estimation of the global prevalence of SLD and its subtypes.

Impacts of metabolic syndrome diseases on long-term outcomes of chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues.

Background/aims: Given the increase in prevalence of metabolic diseases, we investigated their long-term impacts on the outcomes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment.

Methods: We analyzed data from CHB patients for whom initiated NA treatment from 30 centers. We balanced patient characteristics with and without metabolic disease (diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) via propensity-score matching (PSM) to evaluate adverse outcomes.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in adults.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the umbrella term that comprises metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver, or isolated hepatic steatosis, through to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, the progressive necroinflammatory disease form that can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. MASLD is estimated to affect more than one-third of adults worldwide. MASLD is closely associated with insulin resistance, obesity, gut microbial dysbiosis and genetic risk factors.

Metabolic Cause of Cirrhosis Is the Emerging Etiology for Primary Liver Cancer in the Asia-Oceania Region: Analysis of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021.

Introduction: Studies have shown a change in the etiological profile of liver cancer globally. We aimed to analyze the burden and changes in etiology of liver cancer in the Asia-Oceania region.

Methods: The burden of liver cancer in Asia-Oceania was estimated using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study.