Pathogenesis of Graves' Disease Determined Using Single-Cell Sequencing with Thyroid Autoantigen Peptide Stimulation in B Cells.

This study reports the use of single-cell RNA sequencing to evaluate B cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and intrathyroidal blood mononuclear cells of patients with Graves' disease (GD) undergoing thyroidectomy. These cells were stimulated with overlapping peptides of thyroid autoantigens, including thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), thyroglobulin (Tg), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). In PBMCs, naive B cells are characterized by and , whereas memory B cells express , , and .

Single-cell analysis reveals islet autoantigen's immune activation in type 1 diabetes patients.

In this study, we used single-cell sequencing, which can comprehensively detect the type and number of transcripts per cell, to efficiently stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 1 diabetic patients with overlapping peptides of GAD, IA-2, and insulin antigens, and performed gene expression analysis by single-cell variable-diversity-joining sequencing and T-cell receptor repertoire analysis. Twenty male patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus participating in the KAMOGAWA-DM cohort were included. Four of them were randomly selected for BD Rhapsody system after reacting peripheral blood mononuclear cells with overlapping peptides of GAD, IA-2, and insulin antigen.

Maximum insulin dose in patients admitted to the intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in the "Cross ICU Searchable Information System" study: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the maximum daily insulin dose (MDI) and associated factors in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) receiving insulin therapy, under ventilator and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) management.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used the Cross ICU Searchable Information System data from a Japanese multicenter retrospective observational cohort study of critically ill patients with COVID-19 receiving ventilation and/or ECMO, from February 2020 to March 2022. Maximum daily insulin dose was determined, and factors associated with it and maximum daily insulin dose per body weight were assessed using linear regression analysis.

Increased Insulin Requirements in Severe Cases of Covid-19 are Higher Than in Moderate Cases.

Purpose: Despite the low overall death rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no study has examined the association between COVID-19 severity and the total daily insulin dose required for glycemic control. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum total daily insulin dose required according to COVID-19 severity, and the number of days required to reach the maximum insulin dose in patients with COVID-19 who used insulin during hospitalization.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included participants aged 20-90 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who used insulin during hospitalization at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital between March 4, 2020, and May 31, 2021.

Association between variation in hemoglobin A1c levels and diabetes therapy-related quality of life in patients with diabetes.

Aims/introduction: We aimed to investigate the association between glycemic variability and quality of life (QOL) in patients with diabetes, which has not been studied previously.

Materials And Methods: Patients who were undergoing treatment at the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital and Kameoka City Hospital participated in the KAMOGAWA-DM study, and completed the diabetes therapy-related (DTR)-QOL questionnaire from January 2016 to July 2020 were included in this study. We used linear regression analyses to compare the association between DTR-QOL scores and glycemic variability.

Association of Elevated Serum Branched-chain Amino Acid Levels With Longitudinal Skeletal Muscle Loss.

Context: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are substrates for protein synthesis. Although their intake may contribute to an increase in skeletal muscle mass, elevated serum BCAA levels have been reported to be associated with insulin resistance, potentially resulting in decreased skeletal muscle mass.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between elevated serum BCAA levels and longitudinal skeletal muscle loss.

Impact of untreated diabetes and COVID-19-related diabetes on severe COVID-19.

Diabetes is a common comorbidity in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and contributes significantly to COVID-19 severity. We aimed to investigate the association between diabetic status and severe COVID-19. This prospective study included all COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital, who were divided into four groups according to their diabetic status: no diabetes, treated diabetes, untreated diabetes, and COVID-19-related diabetes.