Effect of water extract of bay laurel ( L.) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves lipid accumulation in liver without consumption of alcohol and affects many people worldwide. NAFLD is associated with metabolic syndrome disease such as obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. However, there are no pharmacologic therapies for NAFLD.

Skin protective effect of Indian gooseberry and barley sprout complex on skin dryness, wrinkles, and melanogenesis by cell models.

Background/objectives: UV radiation is a major factor contributing to DNA damage in skin cells, including stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, leading to the depletion of these crucial cells. This study examined whether a mixture of Indian gooseberry and barley sprout (IB) could inhibit UVB irradiation and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-induced photoaging and oxidative stress in the skin using HaCaT, Hs27, and B16F10 cells.

Materials/methods: The moisturizing-related factors, the collagen synthesis-related c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Fos/c-Jun/matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) pathway, and the melanogenesis-related cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-responsive binding protein (CREB)/melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF)/tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)/tyrosinase activation pathways were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis.

L. leaves Suppress Alcohol-Related Liver Disease by Exhibiting Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Alcohol-Treated Hepatocytes and Mice.

Excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption can lead to a serious health condition known as alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD). This ailment represents a significant worldwide health challenge, affecting populations across various demographics. ARLD has a multifactorial pathogenesis involving oxidative stress, inflammation, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and apoptosis.

Indian Gooseberry and Barley Sprout Complex Prevent Oxidative Stress and Photoaging of the Skin in Ultraviolet B-Irradiated SHK-I Mice.

This study investigated the protective effects of a complex of Indian gooseberry and barley sprout (IB complex) on oxidative stress and skin damage caused by ultraviolet B irradiation in SHK-I hairless mice. The study examined the impact of IB complex on skin hydration, wrinkle formation, and melanogenesis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. The IB complex reduced skin hydration loss and wrinkle formation, while also demonstrating enhanced antioxidant activities.

Unripe Pear Extract Suppresses UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging in Hairless Mice and Keratinocytes.

Our study aimed to investigate whether unripe pear extract (UP) could provide protection against UVB-induced damage to both mouse skin and keratinocytes. We observed that UVB exposure, a common contributor to skin photoaging, led to wrinkle formation, skin dryness, and inflammation in mice. Nevertheless, these effects were mitigated in the groups of UVB-irradiated mice treated with UP.

NCIMB 30242 (LRC) Inhibits Cholesterol Synthesis and Stimulates Cholesterol Excretion in Animal and Cell Models.

In this study, we evaluated the effects of NCIMB (LRC™) supplementation on hypercholesterolemia by researching its effects on cellular cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats (KHGASP-22-170) and HepG2 cell line. Rats were separated into six groups after adaptation and were then fed a normal control (NC), a high-cholesterol diet (HC), or a HC supplemented with simvastatin 15 mg/kg body weight (positive control [PC]), LRC 1 × 10 colony-forming units (CFU)/rat/day, LRC 4 × 10 CFU/rat/day, or LRC 1 × 10 CFU/rat/day (1 × 10, 4 × 10, or 1 × 10). The rats were dissected to study the effects of LRC on cholesterol metabolism and intestinal excretion at the end of experimental period.

Fish Collagen Peptide (Naticol) Protects the Skin from Dryness, Wrinkle Formation, and Melanogenesis Both and .

Consistent ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure results in dry skin, wrinkles, and melanogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether fish collagen peptide (Naticol) could inhibit photoaging and oxidative stress in skin exposed to UVB using cell and animal models. We measured the skin hydration, histological observations, antioxidant activities, moisturizing-related factors, collagen synthesis-related factors, and melanogenesis-related factors in skin cells and animal skin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot assay.

Enzyme-Treated Caviar Prevents UVB Irradiation-Induced Skin Photoaging.

For this research article, we investigated the protective effects of enzyme-treated caviar powder extract (CV) in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice and keratinocytes by confirming moisturizing-related factors and elasticity-related factors. UVB irradiation induced wrinkle formation, dehydration, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the dorsal skin of mice; however, these were suppressed in the CV-supplemented groups in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Furthermore, in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, CV treatment increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and the levels of sphingomyelin and hyaluronic acid and decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of IkB-α and p65 phosphorylation.

Krill Oil Inhibits Cholesterol Synthesis and Stimulated Cholesterol Excretion in Hypercholesterolemic Rats.

The present study aimed to investigate the antihypercholesterolemic effects of krill oil supplementation in high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Rats were divided into five groups: normal control, control (high-cholesterol diet), krill oil 100 mg/kg b.w.

Glucocerebroside-Containing Milk Concentrated Powder Suppresses Oxidative Stress and Photoaging in the Skin of Hairless Mice.

This study investigated the protective effects of glucocerebroside-containing buttermilk concentrated powder (GCBM) on oxidative stress and photoaging in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice. We measured antioxidant enzyme activities, collagen synthesis-related pathways, and moisturizing-related factors in the dorsal skin of mice. We observed that dietary supplementation with GCBM increased antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the UVB-irradiated dorsal skin.

Gastro-Protective Effect of Fermented Soybean ( (L.) Merr.) in a Rat Model of Ethanol/HCl-Induced Gastric Injury.

The present research purposed to examine the gastro-protective effect of (L.) Merr. fermented using Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp.

Dual Skin-Whitening and Anti-wrinkle Function of Low-Molecular-Weight Fish Collagen.

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of low-molecular-weight fish collagen from tilapia against melanogenesis in melanocytes, ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated Hs27 skin fibroblasts, and hairless mice. We observed collagen production-related pathways in UVB-irradiated Hs27 skin fibroblasts and hairless mice, and the melanogenesis-related pathways in melanocyte and UVB-irradiated hairless mice. The collagen production-related pathways were activated in the UVB-irradiated Hs27 skin fibroblasts and hairless mice.

Deer Velvet and Mixture Regulated Immune Function in C57BL/6N Mice with Immunosuppression Induced by Forced Swimming.

Immunosuppression occurs in response to a variety of external antigens. However, various immune cells and cytokines can activate the immune system. In this study, it was found that fermented deer velvet (FD) and fermented (FE) extract (FDE) mixtures regulated the immunity of animals that underwent induced immunosuppression through forced swimming exercise (FSE).

Effect of Lactic Acid Strains Isolated from Kimchi on Atopic Dermatitis and Immunomodulation in NC/Nga Mice.

Kimchi is a traditional Korean food, of which its constituent lactic acid bacteria have been reported to possess various physiological activities. However, few studies have investigated the immunological activity of these bacteria or their effect on atopic dermatitis (AD). We investigated whether a mixture of 6 types of lactic acid bacteria strains (LBS) isolated from kimchi has an immunomodulating effect on atopy.

Extract Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity by Upregulating MHC II and Th1-type CD4 T Cell Responses.

There are a number of factors that cause immune system disruption, including infection caused by foreign antigens and decreased immunity due to excessive exercise, and public interest in improving immunity is growing. In this study, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of (E) extract in C57BL/6N mice that were exposed to a forced swimming exercise. There were six experimental groups as follows: wild-type, forced swimming exercise control, positive control (red ginseng, 300 mg/kg), and E (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.

Artichoke Extract Directly Suppresses Inflammation and Apoptosis in Hepatocytes During the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

We evaluated the effect of artichoke leaf extract (ALE) on the livers of mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat/high-fructose diet and HO-treated HepG2 cells, as well as the mechanism underlying its hepatoprotective effects. Supplementation with ALE suppressed the NAFLD-induced increases in serum lipids, bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase. In addition, we observed that supplementation with ALE attenuated the increases in antioxidant enzyme activity, mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis signaling pathways caused by a high-fat/high-fructose diet.

Standardized Edible Bird's Nest Extract Prevents UVB Irradiation-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Photoaging in the Skin.

We investigated whether standardized edible bird's nest extract (BNE-PK) can prevent ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-mediated oxidative stress and photoaging in the skin using in vitro and in vivo models. BNE-PK increased skin hydration by hyaluronic acid synthesis and activation of ceramide synthase in UVB-irradiated hairless mice and HaCaT cells. Furthermore, BNE-PK suppressed melanogenesis by down-regulation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB/MITF/TRP-1/TRP-2/tyrosinase pathway in UVB-irradiated hairless mice and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-treated B16F10 cells.

Hypouricemic Effects of L. and on Hyperuricemia-Induced HepG2 Cells, Renal Cells, and Mice.

Hyperuricemia, abnormally excess accumulation of uric acid, is caused by an imbalance between the production and excretion of uric acid and is a major cause of gout. We compared the effects of extracts from L. (Ci) and Siebold and Zucc.

Standardized Saw Palmetto Extract Directly and Indirectly Affects Testosterone Biosynthesis and Spermatogenesis.

We investigated whether a standardized saw palmetto extract (SP, mixture of supercritical extract and ethanol extract at a ratio of 9.5 to 0.5) can relieve the symptoms of andropause, including metabolic syndrome, and decreases in muscle endurance and spermatogenesis, in old rats.

Combination of and Galacto-Oligosaccharide Protects the Skin from Photoaging.

Overexposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces photoaging that is characterized by the formation of wrinkles and loss of skin elasticity. To understand the mechanism of action of probiotics and prebiotics in skin protection against photoaging, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with the probiotic, , and prebiotic, galacto-oligosaccharide, on UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice. We measured short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, and inflammatory signaling protein levels to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of the dietary supplements and galacto-oligosaccharide.

Antarctic Krill Oil Ameliorates Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Irregularities in Articular Cartilage and Inflammatory Response in the Rat Models of Osteoarthritis.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Antarctic krill oil (FJH-KO) in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induced osteoarthritis. The effect of FJH-KO on the development and severity of MIA-induced osteoarthritis was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and micro-CT. The expression of PGE, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), and arthritics related genes in osteoarthritic rats in response to FJH-KO supplementation was investigated using real time PCR.