Cancer of the cervix uteri: 2025 update.

Since the publication of the 2021 FIGO Cancer Report, there has been further progress in the global effort to attain the WHO goal of cervical cancer elimination using a three-pillar approach of vaccination, screening, and treatment. The HPV vaccination is now included in the national program of over 140 countries. Two-dose schedules are being implemented in 80 countries and one-dose schedules in 60 countries.

Novel role of isosorbide as a biostimulant in enhancing plant growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Sustainable agriculture faces growing challenges in boosting food production while minimizing environmental impact, highlighting the need for innovative solutions. The "plastics to fertilizers" concept, which converts poly(isosorbide carbonate) (PIC) derived from plastic waste into urea and isosorbide, presents a promising approach, as we have previously reported (Abe in Green Chem 23:9030-9037, 2021). While urea's role in plant nutrition is well established, the effect of isosorbide on plant growth and development remains largely unexplored.

Tunable Mechanical and Dynamic Properties via Cross-Linker Length in Bis(hindered amino)Disulfide-Based Covalent Adaptable Networks.

Conventional cross-linked polymers are not recyclable or reprocessable due to the formation of permanent cross-links. Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) based on dynamic covalent chemistry attract great attention as materials that exhibit excellent stress relaxation, recyclability, reprocessability, and self-healing properties. Controlling the dynamic properties of CANs is important for both fundamental science and practical applications.

LCN2-mediated ferroptosis resistance in tissue homeostasis and early-stage tumorigenesis of the fallopian tube epithelium.

While the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) is known to be composed of various differentiated cells such as secretory and ciliated cells, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of cell differentiation that are essential for tissue homeostasis remain under investigation. In this study, we established human FTE organoids and identified quiescent cells within the early organoid formation by observing cellular proliferation heterogeneity. We also analyzed two single-cell transcriptomic data to trace the differentiation trajectory in human FTE, and found that the gene serves as a marker gene of early stage of the trajectory.

Hormone replacement therapy in female-specific cancer survivors: considerations beyond cancer cure.

With rapid advances in disease diagnosis and treatment, patients with cancer will achieve longer survival. Among female cancer survivors, oncologic treatments often lead to premature ovarian insufficiency, negatively impacting their health and quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may mitigate these effects; however, concerns remain regarding its impact on oncologic outcomes.

High-Throughput Drug Screening of Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer Organoids Reveals Vulnerability to Proteasome Inhibitors and Dinaciclib and Identifies AGR2 as a Therapeutic Target.

Unlabelled: There are currently no effective treatments available for clear cell ovarian cancer (CCC). In this study, we aimed to identify effective drugs for CCC through high-throughput drug screening (HTDS) using ovarian cancer organoids and determine novel therapeutic targets based on the biological characteristics of CCC through omics analysis. An ovarian cancer organoid biobank was established, and HTDS was conducted using CCC organoids based on libraries of 361 and 4,560 compounds.

Effectiveness and safety of pembrolizumab for the treatment of Japanese patients with microsatellite instability-high tumors excluding colorectal cancer: a post-marketing surveillance.

Background: We aimed to assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of pembrolizumab monotherapy in Japanese patients with high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) solid tumors except colorectal cancer.

Methods: This multicenter, observational, post-marketing surveillance had a 12-month observation period. We included all patients with locally advanced or metastatic MSI-H solid tumors, except colorectal cancer, in whom standard treatment was difficult or who had shown tumor progression after conventional chemotherapies and had started treatment with pembrolizumab by 31 December 2019.

Biobased Cyclic Polycarbonate: Synthesis and Applications via Dynamic Bis(hindered amino)disulfide Linkers.

Cyclic polymers have garnered significant interest due to their unique structure; however, their synthesis remains challenging, often hindered by low yields and limited selectivity. Considering that the cyclization step during the synthesis of cyclic polymers is presumably the most challenging, using a spontaneous and selective cyclization system is ideal. Here, we present a topology transformation from linear to cyclic, which is achieved through the error-checking ability provided by the dynamic covalent bonding between bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)disulfide (BiTEMPS) and its stable radicals with a high bond exchange rate.

Benefits of Combining Circulating Tumor DNA With Tissue and Longitudinal Circulating Tumor DNA Genotyping in Advanced Solid Tumors: SCRUM-Japan MONSTAR-SCREEN-1 Study.

Purpose: The utility of capturing heterogeneity by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) genotyping combined with tissue analysis or applying it in a sequential manner remains uncertain.

Methods: We assessed the clinical value of ctDNA genotyping using data from 2,187 patients with advanced solid tumors enrolled in SCRUM-Japan MONSTAR-SCREEN-1, a nationwide cancer genome screening project, which examined ctDNA from longitudinally collected blood samples and tumor tissue samples (UMIN 000036749).

Results: Among 667 patients with both baseline ctDNA and tissue genotyping results, 51 (7.

mTOR-mediated p62/SQSTM1 stabilization confers a robust survival mechanism for ovarian cancer.

Over 50 % of patients with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) are homologous recombination proficient, making them refractory to platinum-based drugs and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. These patients often develop progressive resistance within 6 months after primary treatment and tend to die early, thus new therapies are urgently needed. In this study, we comprehensively investigated this tumor type by leveraging a combination of machine learning analysis of a large published dataset and newly developed genetically engineered HGSC organoid models from murine fallopian tubes.

Prognostic significance of para-aortic node metastasis in endometrial cancer: Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group Study JGOG2043 post hoc analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of para-aortic lymphadenectomy (PALX) and para-aortic lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer (EC) patients at risk of post-operative recurrence.

Methods: Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) 2043 was a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in EC patients at risk for post-operative recurrence. A retrospective analysis included patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLX) alone or both PLX and PALX in JGOG2043.

Niraparib in Japanese patients with heavily pretreated, homologous recombination-deficient ovarian cancer: final results of a multicenter phase 2 study.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of niraparib in Japanese women with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer.

Methods: This was the follow-up analysis of a phase 2, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study in Japanese women with homologous recombination-deficient, platinum-sensitive, relapsed, high-grade serous epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who had completed 3-4 lines of chemotherapy and were poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor naïve. Participants received niraparib (starting dose, 300 mg) once daily in continuous 28-day cycles until objective disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal.

High-risk pathogenic germline variants in blood relatives of BRCA1/2 negative probands.

Background: Tailored, preventive cancer care requires the identification of pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) among potentially at-risk blood relatives (BRs). Cascade testing is carried out for BRs of probands who are positive for PGVs of an inherited cancer but not for negative probands. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of PGVs for BRs of PGV-negative probands.

Prognostic impact of the number of resected pelvic nodes in endometrial cancer: Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group Study JGOG2043 post hoc analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the number of resected pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) affects the prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC) patients at post-operative risk of recurrence.

Methods: JGOG2043 was a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of three chemotherapeutic regimens as adjuvant therapy in EC patients with post-operative recurrent risk. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 250 patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy alone in JGOG2043.

Current treatment strategies for ovarian cancer in the East Asian Gynecologic Oncology Trial Group (EAGOT).

Ovarian cancer, notable for its severe prognosis among gynecologic cancers, has seen substantial progress in treatment approaches recently. Enhanced protocols in chemotherapy and the introduction of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for maintenance therapy have markedly improved outcomes for patients with specific genetic profiles, such as those positive for BRCA mutations or exhibiting homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Additionally, the method of intraperitoneal chemotherapy administration has emerged as a valuable alternative to traditional transvenous routes, showing promise for wider clinical adoption.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of hospital treatment volume and survival outcomes in endometrial cancer in Japan.

Objective: Hospital treatment volume affects survival in patients with endometrial cancer; notably, initial treatment at high-volume centers improves survival outcomes. Our study assessed the effect of hospital treatment volume on cost-effectiveness and survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer in Japan.

Methods: A decision-analytic model was evaluated using the following variables and their impact on cost-effectiveness: 1) hospital treatment volume (low-, intermediate-, and high-volume centers) and 2) postoperative recurrent risk factors based on pathological findings (high- and intermediate-risk or low-risk).

A first-in-human phase I study of TAS-117, an allosteric AKT inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Purpose: TAS-117 is a highly potent and selective, oral, allosteric pan-AKT inhibitor under development for advanced/metastatic solid tumors. The safety, clinical pharmacology, pharmacogenomics and efficacy were investigated.

Methods: This phase I, open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalating, first-in-human study enrolled patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors and comprised three phases (dose escalation phase [DEP], regimen modification phase [RMP], and safety assessment phase [SAP]).

Impact of COVID-19 on gynecological cancer incidence: a large cohort study in Japan.

Background: The influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the number of newly diagnosed gynecological cancers has not been extensively investigated in Japan. This study determined the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of gynecological cancer.

Methods: Using the Japanese Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologic Oncology registry database, the distribution of the number of patients based on clinical staging or tumor-node-metastasis classifications before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed to compare the trends.

A thermally driven rotaxane-catenane interconversion with a dynamic bis(hindered amino) disulfide.

We have developed a versatile and simple synthetic method to produce a [3]catenane. Heating a rotaxane with bis(hindered amino) disulfide groups at both ends spontaneously and selectively produces the [3]catenane. The successful polymerization of the obtained [3]catenane provides a platform for the synthesis of various interlocking polymers.

An Attempt to Develop a New Treatment Strategy for Rare Refractory Gynecological Malignancies: The Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group.

Platinum-based combination chemotherapy has been a frontline therapeutic strategy for advanced ovarian cancer. Although patients with ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) respond well to the combination therapy, those with relatively rare histologic subtypes, such as mucinous or clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (OCCC), show resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Even with the recently developed maintenance therapies using molecular targeted inhibitors for ovarian cancers, such as bevacizumab or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, the prognosis of non-HGSC ovarian cancers is unsatisfactory.