Subtypes of atypical cold urticaria and recommendations for their diagnostic workup.

Background: A substantial subset of patients suffering from cold urticaria (ColdU) have atypical disease presentations and develop cold-induced wheals and/or angioedema in a real world setting but not in response to standard cold stimulation tests (CSTs). How to diagnose atypical ColdU is largely unclear, and little is known about the clinical features and treatment responses.

Objective: The aim of the study was to describe subtypes of atypical ColdU and provide recommendations for the diagnostic workup.

Advances in management and treatment of tubercular meningitis - a narrative review.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by , continues to be a major global health issue, particularly due to its potential to cause severe complications such as tubercular meningitis (TBM), which is a fatal condition that proves difficult to diagnose and treat effectively and often results in poor outcomes, especially in children, due to delayed diagnosis, drug resistance, and limited diagnostic techniques.

Methods: This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in TBM management and treatment. A systematic search was performed across major databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.

Development and Validation of a Disease Severity Index for Patients With Cold Urticaria.

Background: Cold urticaria (ColdU) is a common type of chronic inducible urticaria where cold induces wheals and/or angioedema, with a wide range of disease severity, from very mild to life-changing and life-threatening, based on symptoms, day-to-day burden, general response to therapies, the need for cold avoidance, and the use of emergency treatment. There are no validated instruments to objectively assess disease severity in patients with ColdU.

Objective: To develop and validate a disease-specific Severity Index for ColdU (SICU).

Validation of the Urticaria Activity Score for Cold Urticaria.

Background: Cold urticaria (ColdU) is characterized by the appearance of wheals and/or angioedema and itch after exposure to cold stimuli. The Cold Urticaria Activity score (ColdUAS) is a newly devised patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) assessing disease activity in ColdU.

Objectives: We aimed to validate the ColdUAS according to PROM guidelines, assess the optimal documentation period, and develop a scoring computation algorithm.