Building effective relationships in global surgery: an exploratory qualitative study.

Background: The rise in malignant hepatopancreatobiliary tumors disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to systemic challenges. In 2023, the International Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (IHPBA) launched a relationship-building initiative to mitigate outcome disparities by increasing capacity and quality. This study aimed to understand the dynamics and value of such collaborations.

Spirometry thresholds for clinical trial eligibility: time for urgent re-evaluation.

A common eligibility criterion in respiratory clinical trials is a per cent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (ppFEV) between 40% and 90%, using the ethnicity-dependent Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI)-2012 spirometry reference equations. International societies now endorse the newer 'race-neutral' GLI-Global equations. We quantify the impact on trial eligibility of switching from GLI-2012 to GLI-Global for the UK Cystic Fibrosis Registry (n=8182).

Antibody responses to feline leukaemia vaccination: exploring the effect of sex, boosting schedule, site of administration and vaccine type.

ObjectivesHistorically, vaccines have been administered in the dorsal interscapular region of cats (the 'scruff' of the neck) owing to easy access to the subcutaneous space. In response to concerns about sarcomas developing at injection sites (feline injection site sarcomas [FISSs]), and a possible association between feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccination and the development of FISS, alternative FeLV vaccination sites such as the distal left hindlimb and tail have been proposed by influential vaccination bodies and various key opinion leaders. There is a dearth of evidence, however, to demonstrate the development of a comparable immune response after FeLV vaccination in these sites.

The Kick Inside: time-resolved mechanistic insights into the DUV-driven interconversion of pyrazole to imidazole.

The interconversion of aromatic heterocyclic molecules photochemical scaffold-hopping provides a clean and efficient formation route to otherwise synthetically challenging targets. The interconversion between pyrazole and imidazole is a widely used example in materials science and biochemical applications with arrow-pushing mechanisms used to define the reaction path. To study the photochemically driven isomerisation of pyrazole to imidazole, we combine femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy experiments with electronic structure calculations.

How does home-based palliative care impact informal carers? A scoping review.

Context: Informal carers can provide a wealth of support to patients, which may enable them to be cared for and die at home. Whilst caring for someone with a life-limiting illness can be rewarding, the time and effort required can cause burden and poorer quality of life. Research is needed to understand the various and complex impacts of home-based palliative care services on carers.