Clinical isolates exhibit a molecular clock rate below 1 SNP per genome per year.

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, necessitating effective measures to control the epidemic. Understanding the evolution of () through molecular clock analysis is crucial for tracing outbreaks, managing transmission, and ultimately improving TB management in practice.

Results: A total of 27 studies were included for analysis.

Diagnostic yield of nine user-friendly bioinformatics tools for predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

To compare the diagnostic yield of various bioinformatics tools for predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance. A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify studies reporting the effectiveness of bioinformatic tools for predicting resistance to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Data were collected and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA).

Progress on mitochondria and hair follicle development in androgenetic alopecia: relationships and therapeutic perspectives.

Hair loss has long been a significant concern for many individuals. Recent studies have indicated that mitochondria play a more crucial role in hair loss than previously recognized. This review summarizes the connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and hair follicle development, outlines the links between diseases related to mitochondrial disorders and hair issues, and highlights the influence of mitochondrial dysfunction on androgenetic alopecia.

The efficacy and safety of high-dose isoniazid-containing therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Accumulating evidence are available on the efficacy of high-dose isoniazid (INH) for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare clinical efficacy and safety outcomes of high-dose INH- containing therapy against other regimes. We searched the following databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

The performance of interferon gamma release assays in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The actual positive rate of interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) in patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections remains unclear. This review and meta-analysis present the prevalence of positive IGRAs (T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON [QFT] tests) among patients infected with NTM isolates (with or without ESAT-6/CFP-10).

The role of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin administration on the risk of dementia in bladder cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous cohort studies have found an association between Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) administration and incident dementia. In the systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to summarize the current evidence of the effect of BCG use on the risk of developing dementia.

Methods: We searched six databases until 20 May 2023 for studies investigating the risk of dementia and BCG administration.

Favus of Scrotum Due to Trichophyton rubrum in Immunocompetent Patients: A Clinical, Mycological and Ultrastructural Study.

Purpose: To characterize the clinical and mycological features of favus of scrotum due to Trichophyton rubrum.

Methods: A single-site prospective study was carried out in an outpatient dermatology clinic. Microscopic examination and fungal culture were done using skin scrapings.

IGF-1 resist oxidative damage to HaCaT and depigmentation in mice treated with HO.

Vitiligo, an acquired pigmentary disorder of the skin, is characterized by a chronic and progressive loss of melanocyte from the epidermis and follicular reservoir. Growth factor of surrounding cells impacted on melanocytes survival. In this study, lower level of IGF-1 in the lesion was found than that in the donor area of vitiligo patients.

Global Transcriptome Changes of Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus epidermidis Responding to Total Alkaloids of Sophorea alopecuroides.

Transcriptome changes of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis response to total alkaloids of Sophorea alopecuroides was observed. Bioinformatic analyses were further used to compare the differential gene expression between control and the treated samples. It was found that 282 genes were differentially expressed, with 92 up-regulated and 190 down-regulated.

[Impact on tyrosinase expression and export from endoplasmic reticulum by inhibition of 26S proteasome].

Objective: To determine the impact on tyrosinase expression and export from endoplasmic reticulum by inhibition of 26S proteasome.

Methods: Western blot was used to detect 26S proteasome from 8 vitiligo patients and 4 healthy controls. Melanocytes were incubated with proteasome inhibitor (lactacystin) and further detected as follows: cell survival by MTT assay, proteasome activity with fluorescence, ultrastructure observation with electron microscope, co-localization of tyrosinase and calreticulin (endoplasmic reticulum marker) by confocal laser scanning microscopy and 26S proteasome and tyrosinase with Western blot.

Diagnostic value of superoxide dismutase in tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tuberculous pleural effusions (TPEs) and malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Pleural effusion (PE) samples from 100 patients were classified on the basis of diagnosis as TPE (n=57) and MPE (n=43). The activity of SOD was determined by pyrolgallol assay.

Dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) inhibit skin-homing CD8+ T cell activity, a determining factor of vitiligo patients' autologous melanocytes transplantation efficiency.

We here investigated the efficiency of autologous melanocyte transplantation of 23 vitiligo patients by focusing on perilesional skin homing CD8+ T lymphocytes, and studied the potential effect of dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) on CD8+ T cell activities in vitro. Out of 23 patients with the autologous melanocyte transplantation, 12 patients (52.17%) had an excellent re-pigmentation, 6 patients (26.

[Study on the inhibition effect of siRNA on herpes simplex virus type 2 ICP4 gene].

Objective: To explore the inhibition effect of RNA interference on the ICP4 expression and DNA replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2).

Methods: Four pairs of siRNA targeted to HSV2 ICP4 gene and negative control siRNA were synthetized by chemical method, named as siRNA-1, siRNA-2, siRNA-3, siRNA-4 and siRNA-N respecticely. HSV2 HG52 was used to attack Vero cell after transfection overnight.

[Expression of InnVit/FBXO11 in vitiligo and its role in tyrosinase export from endoplasmic reticulum].

Objective: To investigate the roles of InnVit (FBX011) gene in melanocytes by detecting the expression of InnVit gene in vitiligo and analyzing the impact of InnVit gene on morphology of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the tyrosinase export from ER.

Methods: The lesion tissues and the donor tissues were collected from 10 vitiligo patients to examine the InnVit gene expression by immunohistochemistry. Synthesized specific siRNA and constructed plasmid P3XF-P120 were separately transfected into cells for the silence and over-expression of InnVit gene with lipofectamine(TM) 2000.

[Abnormal nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 in the lesion of vitiligo].

Objective: To investigate whether abnormal translocation of nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) exists in the lesion of vitiligo.

Methods: Skin specimens from 8 vitiligo patients and 3 healthy controls were collected, half of them underwent laser co-focal microscopy to detect the Nrf2 location and half of them underwent cell culture. Blister fluid was collected form the 8 vitiligo patients and skin donor sites to detect the levels of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) by using detection kit.

[Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of Nrf2 promoter region with susceptibility to vitiligo].

Objective: To investigate the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Nrf2 promoter region with the susceptibility to risk of vitiligo.

Methods: Samples of peripheral blood were collected from 300 vitiligo patients and 300 healthy persons. The genotypes of -686A/G, -684G/A, and -650C/A were detected by direct-sequencing.

The susceptibility to vitiligo is associated with NF-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) gene polymorphisms: a study on Chinese Han population.

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Oxidative stress is considered to be the initial pathogenic event in the melanocyte destruction. NF-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor regulating the expression of detoxifying and antioxidant genes.

[Expression and purification of epitope peptide of human tyrosinase and its antigenicity in vitiligo patients].

Objective: To express the epitope peptide of human tyrosinase (TYR), and discuss the application of the peptide in detecting autoantibody of the vitiligo patients.

Methods: The epitope areas 240 - 255, 289 - 294, 295 - 300, 435 - 447, and 461 - 479 of human TYR were synthesized and connected to the vector pGEM-T. The target gene was cloned to the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-2, which was then transferred to Escherichia coli BL21 host cells.

Predicting the coupling specificity of GPCRs to G-proteins by support vector machines.

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the most important classes of drug targets for pharmaceutical industry and play important roles in cellular signal transduction. Predicting the coupling specificity of GPCRs to G-proteins is vital for further understanding the mechanism of signal transduction and the function of the receptors within a cell, which can provide new clues for pharmaceutical research and development. In this study, the features of amino acid compositions and physiochemical properties of the full-length GPCR sequences have been analyzed and extracted.