Sci-tech analysis and related research on three glass beads unearthed from M686 in the Qin cemetery of Warring States Period in Hejia, Zhouling.

This study presents a systematic analysis of three glass beads excavated from Tomb M686 in the Qin Cemetery of Warring States Period (475 BC-207 BC) in Hejia,Zhouling. The aim is to reveal their material characteristics and weathering mechanisms. Using super-depth-of-field 3D video microscopy system (OM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and micro-Raman spectroscopy (Raman), all three glass beads were identified as the unique lead-barium silicate glass system of ancient China.