Nutrients of concern for older infants and young children in packaged food products available in Nepali retail stores.

Background: Nepali older infants and young children (IYC) are increasingly consuming packaged foods. However, energy and nutrients of concern in these products (total sugar, added sugar, total fat, saturated fat, sodium, and non-sugar sweeteners) have not been assessed. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess energy and nutrients of concern in packaged foods available to older IYC in retail stores in Nepal using thresholds from the WHO Southeast Asia Region Nutrient Profile Model (SEAR NPM).

Systems thinking with active implementation research (STAIR): Protocol for a school-based randomised control trial for childhood obesity prevention.

Introduction: This paper presents the protocol for the effectiveness-implementation trial: Systems Thinking with Active Implementation Research (STAIR) for childhood obesity prevention. STAIR's objective is to protect primary school children in Victoria, Australia from unhealthy weight and test implementation strategies for sustaining healthy school environments. STAIR is a 3-year cluster-randomised controlled trial with repeat-cross-sectional child-level data collection utilising an effectiveness-implementation type-1 hybrid design.

Changes in Children's Adherence to Sustainable Healthy Diets During the Implementation of Chile's Food Labelling and Advertising Law: A Longitudinal Study (2016-2019).

: This longitudinal study measured changes in adherence to sustainable healthy diets in 698 Chilean children (aged 3-6 years at baseline) over the period that Chile's Food Labelling and Advertising Law was implemented. : Dietary data were collected annually from 2016 to 2019 applying single multiple-pass 24 h dietary recalls to children's primary caretakers. The Planetary Health Diet Index for Children and Adolescents (PHDI-C) was used to quantify adherence to sustainable healthy diets where higher scores indicate better adherence.

Measurement and evaluation of community engagement in complex, chronic medical conditions: HIV and obesity as exemplar conditions.

Objective To systematically review, describe, and compare quantitative measures of community engagement in obesity and HIV prevention research. Materials & Methods A systematic review adhering to PRISMA and PROSPERO guidelines was conducted, searching seven databases. Screening and quality assessment were carried out by four reviewers independently.

Ultra-processed food consumption in the central division of Fiji.

Background: Processed packaged foods are readily available in Fiji; however, the extent to which ultra-processed foods (UPFs) currently contribute to energy and nutrient intake is unknown. This study aimed to assess the contribution of UPFs to total energy intake and nutrients of concern (sodium, sugar, fat) in a representative sample of adults in the central division of Fiji, identify the main food category sources of UPFs and assess variation by sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: A random sample of 700 adults was selected from two statistical enumeration areas (one semi-urban, one rural).

POCUS literature primer: key papers on aorta and deep vein thrombosis POCUS.

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the top five most influential papers published on the use of aorta point of care ultrasound (POCUS) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) POCUS in adult patients.

Methods: A 15-member expert panel was recruited from the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Emergency Ultrasound Committee and the Canadian Ultrasound Fellowship Collaborative. The members of the expert panel all have ultrasound fellowship training (or equivalent), are active in POCUS research, and provide POCUS leadership locally and nationally.

The ultrasound competency assessment tool for evaluation of early pregnancy with POCUS.

Objectives: POCUS is a core emergency medicine skill and mainstay of early pregnancy assessment. The ultrasound competency assessment tool was developed as an entrustment-based assessment tool for use by content experts evaluating trainees performing multiple POCUS study types. The objective of this study was to evaluate the scoring and extrapolation inferences of the tool within Kane's validity framework when used to assess trainees performing an early pregnancy POCUS.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound Infrastructure.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) infrastructure is the underpinning of a well integrated POCUS program. In order to achieve its full potential and fully integrate into the health care system, a POCUS program requires a robust and resilient infrastructure. The essential components of POCUS infrastructure are hardware, software, and an informed, well-integrated governance structure.

Three-year behavioural, health-related quality of life, and body mass index outcomes from the RESPOND randomized trial.

Objectives: Evaluate RESPOND, a community-based systems intervention to prevent childhood obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCD).

Study Design: Cluster randomized trial of building community capacity to use systems science for child obesity and NCD prevention in 10 local government areas in northeast Victoria, Australia. Four-year stepped wedge trial, adapted due to COVID-19 restrictions METHODS: Cluster randomized trial of building community capacity to use systems science for child obesity and NCD prevention in 10 local government areas in northeast Victoria, Australia.

Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours toward Salt and Sugar Consumption in the Central Division of Fiji.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess salt and sugar-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) of adults in the Central Division of Fiji.

Methods: A randomised stratified sample of 700 adults were selected. Questions on salt and sugar-related KABs were developed.

To What Extent are Food, Culture, Economics and the Natural Environment Reflected in the Language of the Australian and Brazilian Food-based Dietary Guidelines?

Purpose Of The Review: Our aim was to review literature describing language use in dietary guidelines and explore the extent to which food, culture, economics and the natural environment are reflected in the language of the Australian, compared to the Brazilian food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs).

Recent Findings: Australia's FBDGs are based on the best available scientific evidence and claim to "form a bridge between research and evidence-based advice to address the major health challenge of improving Australians' eating patterns". Brazil's FBDGs recognise reasons beyond health for people's food choices.

Genitourinary Ultrasound.

Renal and genitourinary (GU) complaints are common reasons for presentation to the emergency department (ED). This article reviews the approach to renal, bladder, and testicular point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) with specific discussions of commonly encountered ED pathology. It presents algorithms highlighting the clinical integration of renal and GU POCUS into the evaluation and management of these patients.

POCUS literature primer: key papers on cardiac and lung POCUS.

Objective: Although point of care ultrasound (POCUS) use has become prevalent in medicine, clinicians may not be familiar with the evidence supporting its utility in patient care. The objective of this study is to identify the top five most influential papers published on the use of cardiac POCUS and lung POCUS in adult patients.

Methods: A 14-member expert panel from the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Emergency Ultrasound Committee and the Canadian Ultrasound Fellowship Collaborative used a modified Delphi process.

Chilean children's adherence to sustainable healthy diets and its associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric factors: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To describe adherence to sustainable healthy diets among a sample of 958 Chilean pre-schoolers (3-6 years) and explore associations between adherence and child and maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics.

Methods: Children's adherence to sustainable healthy diets was calculated from single multiple-pass 24-h dietary recalls using the Planetary Health Diet Index for children and adolescents (PHDI-C). Higher PHDI-C scores (max score = 150 points) represent greater adherence.

Energy, nutrient and overall healthiness of processed packaged foods in Fiji, a comparison between 2018 and 2020.

In Fiji, packaged foods are becoming increasingly available. However, it is unknown if nutrition composition of these foods has changed. This study aims to assess changes in energy, nutrient content and healthiness of packaged foods by comparing data from five major supermarkets in Fiji in 2018 and 2020.

Applying Systems Thinking to Improve a Hospital Food Retail Environment.

Objective: To identify factors influencing the availability and sales of healthy food and drinks in a café located in a hospital setting in a rural area.

Methods: Three online and 1 in-person group model building workshops were conducted with hospital staff members to develop a causal loop diagram.

Results: Four areas in the causal loop diagram were identified, 5 teams were created to implement 15 identified action ideas, and an action registry was created to track their progress.

A protocol of a pilot randomised trial (Action-RESPOND) to support rural and regional communities with implementing community-based systems thinking obesity prevention initiatives.

Background: Over a quarter of children aged 2-17 years living in Australia are overweight or obese, with a higher prevalence reported in regional and remote communities. Systems thinking approaches that seek to support communities to generate and implement locally appropriate solutions targeting intertwined environmental, political, sociocultural, and individual determinants of obesity have the potential to ameliorate this. There have however been reported challenges with implementation of such initiatives, which may be strengthened by incorporating implementation science methods.

Physical and biophysical markers of assessment in medical training: A scoping review of the literature.

Purpose: Assessment in medical education has changed over time to measure the evolving skills required of current medical practice. Physical and biophysical markers of assessment attempt to use technology to gain insight into medical trainees' knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The authors conducted a scoping review to map the literature on the use of physical and biophysical markers of assessment in medical training.

Adapting the Planetary Health Diet Index for children and adolescents.

Background: Tools for measuring adherence to sustainable healthy diets among children and adolescents are lacking.

Objective: To advance methods for measuring adherence to sustainable healthy diets among children and adolescents by adapting an existing index, compare scores obtained using the original and adapted versions of the index in a sample of Chilean children, and describe the adapted index association with diet characteristics.

Methods: The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) was adapted to better reflect children's and adolescents' nutritional requirements.