Diagnostic Sensitivity of the Revised Venous System in Brain Death in Children.

Background/objectives: While ancillary tests for brain death diagnosis are not routinely recommended in guidelines, they may be necessary in specific clinical scenarios. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is particularly advantageous in pediatric patients due to its noninvasive nature, accessibility, and rapid provision of anatomical information. This study aims to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of a revised venous system (ICV-SPV) utilizing a 4-point scoring system in children clinically diagnosed with brain death.

Evaluation of coeliac trunk and hepatic artery variations in thoracic CT angiography in patients with congenital heart disease.

Introduction: Understanding the variations of abdominal vascular structures is important for preventing complications of abdominal surgical procedures for gastrointestinal disease such as necrotizing enterocolitis or others that may arise in patients with congenital cardiac disease. We analysed the coeliac trunk and its branches in children with congenital heart disease to determine whether there is a greater prevalence of associated vascular abnormalities.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed thoracic computed tomography (CT) angiograms performed in our hospital in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease.

Paediatric liver biopsies: A single-centre experience in Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University.

Introduction: Liver biopsies are the main method in the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric liver pathologies. Major complication rates of paediatric liver biopsies range from 0% to 6.6% in the literature and minor complication rates range from 0% to 25%.

Tuberculosis contact-tracing results in childhood: a retrospective study in a tertiary-care children's hospital in Turkey.

Background: Smear-positive adults with tuberculosis are the main source of childhood tuberculosis. The evaluation of children exposed to tuberculosis and determination of the disease stages are the cornerstones of managing childhood tuberculosis.

Aim: To determine the frequency of tuberculous contact, latent tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease in children who were in contact with smear-positive adults.

Thyroid malignancy in children: where does it locate?

Objective: As far as we know, in English literature, a limited number of studies has examined the relationship between the location of the nodule and malignancy risk. The studies were performed with adults and their results were mainly inconsistent. We aim to evaluate the potential association between the location of the thyroid nodules and risk for malignancy in the pediatric population.

Mediastinal lesions in children.

The mediastinum is where thoracic lesions most frequently occur in young patients. The histological spectrum of diseases caused by the presence of several organs in the mediastinum is broad. Congenital lesions, infections, benign and malignant lesions, and vascular diseases are examples of lesions.

The relevance of practical laboratory markers in predicting high-grade vesicoureteral reflux and renal scarring.

Introduction: A high vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) grade is among the specific risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection (febrile UTI) and renal scarring. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of some potential hematological parameters for high-grade VUR and renal scarring in children 2 to 24 months old with febrile UTI.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the clinical features, laboratory tests, and imaging studies of 163 children 2 to 24 months old with a diagnosis of febrile UTI.

Evaluation of the efficiency of the systemic immune-inflammation index in differentiating parapneumonic effusion from empyema.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and other biomarkers in distinguishing parapneumonic effusion (PPE) and empyema.

Methods: Patients who were thought to have pleural effusion secondary to pneumonia in the pediatric emergency department (PED) between 2004 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups as empyema and PPE.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2: extracardiac radiological findings.

Objective: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is seen as a serious delayed complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of this study was to describe the most common imaging features of MIS-C associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: A retrospective review was made of the medical records and radiological imaging studies of 47 children (26 male, 21 female) in the age range of 25 months-15 years who were diagnosed with MIS-C between August 2020 and March 2021.

Minor dysmorphic features in a patient with papillorenal syndrome: A Case Report.

Papillorenal syndrome, also known as renal coloboma syndrome, is characterised by congenital optic disc anomalies and renal abnormalities. Mutations in the PAX2 gene, which plays a critical role in embryogenesis, cause this syndrome. Other related anomalies are less commonly observed.

Efficiency of Lung Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Follow-up of Viral Pneumonia in Newborn.

Objective: Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is a useful method for diagnosis of lung diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, pneumonia, and pneumothorax in the neonatal period. LUS has become an important tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of lung diseases. LUS is easy to apply at the bedside and is a practical and low-cost method for diagnosing pneumonia.

Evaluation of Children and Adolescents with Thyroid Nodules: A Single Center Experience.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and pathological findings of children and adolescents with thyroid nodules.

Methods: Data of 121 children and adolescent with thyroid nodules and had fine needle aspiration (FNA) were examined retrospectively. Concomitant thyroid disease, ultrasonography (US) features of the nodule, FNA and histopathological results were recorded.

Normal palatine tonsil size in healthy children: a sonographic study.

Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) have been widely used to assess palatine tonsils. However, these imaging modalities have some limitations, such as high costs, need for sedation, and exposure to ionizing radiation. Ultrasound has been increasingly used to diagnose tonsillar pathologies.

Thyroid Image Reporting and Data System Categorization: Effectiveness in Pediatric Thyroid Nodule Assessment.

Ultrasonography (US) is the main imaging method to assess thyroid nodules. In the pediatric population, thyroid nodules are less prevalently seen than those in adults. However, approximately 25% of the nodules can be malignant.

Value of renal pelvic diameter and urinary tract dilation classification in the prediction of urinary tract anomaly.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the cut-offs of postnatal anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD), according to the urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system, to identify the predictors of final diagnosis of UTD and the need for surgery.

Methods: A total of 260 infants (336 renal units) with prenatally detected UTD were prospectively evaluated on serial ultrasonography by the same radiologist. Additional voiding cystourethrography and scintigraphy was done according to the clinical algorithm.

Retrospective analysis of simple and stage II renal cysts: Pediatric nephrology point of view.

Background: Increased ultrasonography (US) use has been correlated with an increased incidence of pediatric renal cysts. For simple and stage II cysts, the malignancy risk is low in adulthood, no follow up is recommended; but there is no consensus on childhood management. Given that pediatric renal cysts may be manifestations of hereditary cystic diseases, a different approach and follow up should be taken for these patients.

Ultrasonographic clues for diagnosis of spina bifida occulta in children.

Background: The aim of the current study was to find out if spinal ultrasonography might have a predictive potential for detection of spina bifida occulta (SBO) in pediatric nocturnal enuresis patients.

Methods: A total of 108 children (58 females, 50 males) with a mean age of 8 (range, 6-15) years diagnosed for nocturnal enuresis in our tertiary care center were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Half of the cases (n=54, 50%) were found to have SBO, while the other half did not have SBO.

Thyroid nodules in children and adolescents: a single institution's experience.

Objective: The aims of this study were to analyze the role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the management of pediatric thyroid nodules and to analyze the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules by studying the association between autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 111 patients with thyroid nodules diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. FNAB was performed in 46 participants with thyroid nodules after ultrasonography (US).

Pediatricians' awareness of diagnostic medical radiation effects and doses: are the latest efforts paying off?

Purpose: The number of radiological exams performed on children increases each year. We assessed the current understanding of radiation doses and risks among a sample group of pediatricians and evaluated whether the latest efforts to improve radiation awareness affected the results.

Materials And Methods: A multiple-choice survey comprising 16 questions was answered by 237 pediatricians in 10 hospitals.

Congenital right pulmonary artery agenesis with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension.

Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly caused by a backward displacement of the conical artery of the truncus arteriosus. It is commonly associated with additional cardiovascular abnormalities. A 7-year-old girl was admitted to our clinic with the complaint of shortness of breath upon exertion.

Sinusitis in children and adolescents with chronic or recurrent headache: a case-control study.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of misdiagnosis of sinus headache in migraine and other primary headache types in the children and adolescents with chronic or recurrent headaches. Children with chronic or recurrent headaches (n = 310) were prospectively evaluated. Data collection for each patient included history of previously diagnosed sinusitis due to headache, and additional sinusitis complaints (such as fever, cough, nasal discharge, postnasal discharge) at the time of sinusitis diagnosis, and improvement of the headache following treatment of sinusitis.