The novel CD16A/anti-CD3 bifunctional protein, eCD16A/anti-CD3-BFP, redirects T cell cytotoxicity toward antibody-bound target cells.

Monoclonal antibodies enhance innate immunity, while bispecific T cell engager antibodies redirect adaptive T cell immunity. To stimulate both innate and adaptive mechanisms, we created a bifunctional eCD16A/anti-CD3-BFP adapter protein for combined use with clinically approved monoclonal IgG1 antibodies. The adaptor protein contains the extracellular domain of the human CD16A high-affinity variant, which binds the Fc domain of IgG1 antibodies, and an anti-human CD3 single-chain variable fragment that redirects T cell cytotoxicity.

Predictors for delayed awakening in adult glioma patients receiving awake craniotomy under monitored anesthesia care.

Purpose: Delayed awakening after anesthetic discontinuation during awake craniotomy is associated with somnolence during functional brain mapping. However, predictors of delayed awakening in patients receiving monitored anesthesia care for awake craniotomy are unknown.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 117 adult patients with supratentorial glioma in or near eloquent areas who received monitored anesthesia care for awake craniotomy between July 2020 and January 2023 at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.

Solidification and Liquation Cracking in Welds of High Entropy CoCrFeNiCu Alloys.

High entropy CoCrFeNiCu alloys with a Cu molar ratio of x ≈ 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 were arc welded.

Immunotherapeutic potential of blinatumomab-secreting γ9δ2 T Cells.

Previous studies have explored the use of engineered blinatumomab-secreting autologous αβ T cells for CD19-targeted cancer therapy. To create a more flexible allogeneic delivery system, we utilized γ9δ2 T cells rather than αβ T cells in a similar application. First, we showed that γ9δ2 T cells could serve as effector cells for blinatumomab, and these effector memory cells could survive for at least 7 days after infusion.

Ischemic myelomalacia and closed spinal dysraphism in multiple finishing swine.

Ischemic myelomalacia secondary to fibrocartilaginous emboli (FCE) is an idiopathic disease in humans and animals. On the other hand, congenital spinal cord malformations result from neural tube defects in fetal development (ie, spinal dysraphism), with structural anomalies referred to collectively as myelodysplasia. Spinal dysraphisms are frequently accompanied by skin and vertebral abnormalities because of the embryogenic relationship.

Identification of Pulmonary Infections With Porcine Rotavirus A in Pigs With Respiratory Disease.

While rotavirus (RV) is primarily known to cause gastroenteritis in many animals, several epidemiological studies have shown concurrent respiratory symptoms with fecal and nasal virus shedding. However, respiratory RV infections have rarely been investigated. By screening clinical samples submitted for diagnostic testing, porcine rotavirus A (RVA) was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in 28 out of 91 (30.

Bovine rhinitis B virus is highly prevalent in acute bovine respiratory disease and causes upper respiratory tract infection in calves.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most significant cause of cattle morbidity and mortality worldwide. This multifactorial disease has a complex aetiology. Dogma posits a primary viral infection followed by secondary bacterial pneumonia.

Spillover of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 to Pigs, South Dakota, USA, 2020.

In 1978, canine parvovirus type 2 originated from spillover of a feline panleukopenia-like virus, causing a worldwide pandemic of enteritis and myocarditis among canids. In 2020, the virus was identified in pigs in South Dakota, USA, by PCR, sequencing, in situ hybridization, and serology. Genetic analysis suggests spillover from wildlife.

Porcine Parvovirus 2 Is Predominantly Associated With Macrophages in Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex.

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality, manifested by pneumonia of multiple etiologies, where a variety of pathogens and environment and management practices play a role in the disease. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus (IAV), and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) are well-established pathogens in PRDC. Porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) has been identified in both healthy and clinically diseased pigs at a high prevalence worldwide.

Parvoviral enteritis and salmonellosis in raccoons with sudden death.

Eight of 9 juvenile raccoons at a rehabilitation center died without obvious prior clinical signs. Gross changes were unremarkable except for mildly distended intestines. Microscopically, crypt loss, distension, necrosis, and regeneration with intranuclear viral inclusions were observed in the small intestine, with marked lymphoid depletion and necrosis in Peyer patches and mesenteric lymph nodes.

Intracoelomic Teratoma in an Eclectus Parrot ().

A 26-year-old, male eclectus parrot () was presented to its primary care veterinarian for a 10-day history of increased respiratory effort, lethargy, and a single episode of regurgitation. Hepatomegaly, proventricular enlargement, cranial displacement of the ventriculus, and coelomic effusion were suspected based on a 1-view radiographic image, and the patient was referred for further evaluation. On presentation to the referral veterinary hospital, a distended coelom and dyspnea with abnormal respiratory sounds were abnormalities noted upon physical examination of the patient.

Author Correction: Effect of FeCoNiCrCu High-entropy-alloy Substrate on Sn Grain Size in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Suppressed Growth of (Fe, Cr Co Ni Cu)Sn Intermetallic Compound at Interface between Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder and FeCoNiCrCu Substrate during Solid-state Aging.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising materials for next-generation applications because of their mechanical properties, excellent high-temperature stability, and resistance against oxidation and corrosion. Although many researchers have investigated high-temperature HEA applications, few have considered low-temperature applications. Here we demonstrate an unprecedented intermetallic compound of (Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu)Sn at the interface between Sn-3.

Effect of FeCoNiCrCu High-entropy-alloy Substrate on Sn Grain Size in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are well known for their excellent high-temperature stability, mechanical properties, and promising resistance against oxidation and corrosion. However, their low-temperature applications are rarely studied, particularly in electronic packaging. In this study, the interfacial reaction between a Sn-3.

Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus PC22A strain in conventional weaned pigs.

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes diarrhea in all ages of pigs with 50-100% mortality rates in neonatal piglets. In the United States, inactivated and subunit PEDV vaccines for pregnant sows are available, but fail to induce sufficient protection in neonatal piglets farrowed from PEDV naïve sows. A safe and efficacious live attenuated vaccine that can prime mucosal immune responses is urgently needed.

Cross protective immune responses in nursing piglets infected with a US spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain and challenged with an original US PEDV strain.

We investigated cross-protective immunity of a US spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) Iowa106 (S-INDEL) strain against the original US PEDV (PC21A) strain in nursing piglets. Piglets were inoculated orally with S-INDEL, PC21A or mock. At 20-29 days post-inoculation (dpi), all pigs were challenged with the PC21A strain.

Deletion of a 197-Amino-Acid Region in the N-Terminal Domain of Spike Protein Attenuates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Piglets.

We previously isolated a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain, PC177, by blind serial passaging of the intestinal contents of a diarrheic piglet in Vero cell culture. Compared with the highly virulent U.S.

Attenuation of an original US porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain PC22A via serial cell culture passage.

Although porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has caused huge economic losses in the pork industry worldwide, an effective live, attenuated vaccine is lacking. In this study, an original US, highly virulent PED virus (PEDV) strain PC22A was serially passaged in Vero CCL81 and Vero BI cells. The virus growth kinetics in cell culture, virulence in neonatal pigs and the whole genomic sequences of selected passages were examined.

Evolution, antigenicity and pathogenicity of global porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains.

Emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses cause morbidity and mortality in human and animal populations, resulting in serious public and animal health threats and economic losses. The ongoing outbreak of a highly contagious and deadly porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in Asia, the Americas and Europe is one example. Genomic sequence analyses of PEDV variants have revealed important insights into the evolution of PEDV.

Characterization of a Pathogenic Full-Length cDNA Clone and Transmission Model for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain PC22A.

Unlabelled: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic alphacoronavirus. In the United States, highly virulent PEDV strains cause between 80 and 100% mortality in suckling piglets and are rapidly transmitted between animals and farms. To study the genetic factors that regulate pathogenesis and transmission, we developed a molecular clone of PEDV strain PC22A.

Experimental infection of a US spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in conventional nursing piglets and cross-protection to the original US PEDV infection.

Although the original US porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was confirmed as highly virulent by multiple studies, the virulence of spike-insertion deletion (S-INDEL) PEDV strains is undefined. In this study, 3-4 day-old conventional suckling piglets were inoculated with S-INDEL PEDV Iowa106 (4 pig litters) to study its virulence. Two litters of age-matched piglets were inoculated with either the original US PEDV PC21A or mock as positive and negative controls, respectively.

Determination of the infectious titer and virulence of an original US porcine epidemic diarrhea virus PC22A strain.

The infectious dose of a virus pool of original US PEDV strain PC22A was determined in 4-day-old, cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) piglets. The median pig diarrhea dose (PDD50) of the virus pool was determined as 7.35 log10 PDD50/mL, similar to the cell culture infectious titer, 7.

The pathogenic role of torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 and their correlations with various viral pathogens and host immunocytes in wasting pigs.

The pathogenic role of torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) in swine is controversial among different studies. The present study intended to evaluate the potential pathogenicity of TTSuV based on its correlations with the histopathological changes, various common concurrently infected viral pathogens including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine parvovirus (PPV), as well as changes in the distribution and population of host immunocytes such as B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and macrophages by using the superficial inguinal lymph nodes (siLNs) of wasting pigs. A tissue microarray consisting of 270 available siLNs collected from 262 clinically wasting and 8 healthy pigs, respectively, were used for the detection of TTSuV1, TTSuV2, PCV2, PRRSV, and PPV by either in situ hybridization (ISH) or immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and for the detection of various subsets of immunocytes by IHC staining with monoclonal antibodies to CD3, CD79a, and lysozyme.

Antigenic relationships among porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus strains.

Unlabelled: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are economically important swine enteropathogenic coronaviruses. These two viruses belong to two distinct species of the Alphacoronavirus genus within Coronaviridae and induce similar clinical signs and pathological lesions in newborn piglets, but they are presumed to be antigenically distinct. In the present study, two-way antigenic cross-reactivity examinations between the prototype PEDV CV777 strain, three distinct U.