Association between cerebral microbleeds and cognition in a memory clinic population.

Background: The cognitive consequences of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in memory clinic population with a diverse cognitive spectrum remain unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate how CMBs at different locations are associated with cognitive performance in a memory clinic population and whether these associations are independent of related small vessel disease (SVD) markers.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Feasibility of Observing Glymphatic System Activity During Sleep Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) Index.

: The glymphatic system plays a crucial role in clearing brain metabolic waste, and its dysfunction has been correlated to various neurological disorders. The Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) index has been proposed as a non-invasive marker of glymphatic function by measuring diffusivity along perivascular spaces; however, its sensitivity to sleep-related changes in glymphatic activity has not yet been validated. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the DTI-ALPS index as a quantitative marker of dynamic glymphatic activity during sleep.

Lifetime walking and Alzheimer's pathology: A longitudinal study in older adults.

Importance: While many studies have shown that greater amounts or longer durations of walking are associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or cognitive decline in older adults, the neuropathological basis for this is not yet fully understood.

Objective: To examine the relationship between walking intensity and duration and longitudinal changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain pathologies, including Aβ and tau accumulation, neurodegeneration, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH).

Design: Data were drawn from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of AD, a longitudinal cohort study (initiated in 2014).

Deep learning-based automatic segmentation of cerebral infarcts on diffusion MRI.

We explored effects of (1) training with various sample sizes of multi-site vs. single-site training data, (2) cross-site domain adaptation, and (3) data sources and features on the performance of algorithms segmenting cerebral infarcts on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We used 10,820 annotated diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) from 10 university hospitals.

The Effect of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Neurodegeneration in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objective: Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are effective in treating mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia by compensating for acetylcholine deficiency. While their use in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) lacks strong trial support, some studies suggest they may delay neurodegeneration. This study aims to investigate ChEIs' neuroprotective effects in individuals with amnestic MCI (aMCI) using multi-modal neuroimaging, and to determine if amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition influences these effects.

Accelerated intracranial time-of-flight MR angiography with image-based deep learning image enhancement reduces scan times and improves image quality at 3-T and 1.5-T.

Purpose: Three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) is effective for cerebrovascular disease assessment, but clinical application is limited by long scan times and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in deep learning-based reconstruction have shown the potential to improve image quality and reduce scan times. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of accelerated intracranial TOF-MRA using deep learning-based image enhancement (TOF-DL) compared to conventional TOF-MRA (TOF-Con) at both 3-T and 1.

Deep learning-based quantification of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign: extending IDH mutation prediction in adult-type diffuse lower-grade glioma.

Objectives: To investigate the predictive value of the quantitative T2-FLAIR mismatch ratio (qT2FM) with fully automated tumor segmentation in adult-type diffuse lower-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 218 consecutive patients (mean age, 47 years ± 15 [SD]; 125 males) diagnosed with adult-type diffuse LGG. The cohort was classified into IDH wild-type (IDHwt), IDH-mutant with 1p/19q-codeletion (IDHmut-Codel), and IDH-mutant without 1p/19q-codeletion (IDHmut-Noncodel) subtypes.

Daily fluid intake and brain amyloid deposition: A cohort study.

BackgroundLittle information is yet available for the association between daily water intake, a modifiable lifestyle factor, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and cerebrovascular injury in the living human brain.ObjectiveOur aim was to explore the correlation between daily fluid intake and in vivo AD pathologies (i.e.

The Use of Antihypertensive Medication and In Vivo Alzheimer's Disease Pathology.

Objective: We investigated whether the use of antihypertensive medication (AHM) is associated with in vivo Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathologies in older adults with hypertension and examined if the effect differs by drug-class and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of the drug.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited participants from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Participants comprised both cognitively normal and impaired older adults diagnosed with hypertension (n = 408).

Liver function and Alzheimer's brain pathologies: A longitudinal study: Liver and Alzheimer's pathologies.

Importance: The neuropathological links underlying the association between changes in liver function and AD have not yet been clearly elucidated.

Objective: We aimed to examine the relationship between liver function markers and longitudinal changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) core pathologies.

Design: Data from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease, a longitudinal cohort study initiated in 2014, were utilized.

Telomere length, in vivo Alzheimer's disease pathologies and cognitive decline in older adults.

Background: Whether telomere length (TL), an indicator of biological ageing, reflects Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neuropathological change remains unclear. We investigated the relationships between TL, in vivo AD pathologies, including cerebral beta-amyloid and tau deposition, and cognitive outcomes in older adults.

Methods: A total of 458 older adults were included, encompassing both cognitively normal (CN) individuals and those cognitively impaired (CI), with the CI group consisting of individuals with mild cognitive impairment or AD dementia.

Tau pathway-based gene analysis on PET identifies CLU and FYN in a Korean cohort.

Introduction: The influence of genetic variation on tau protein aggregation, a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), remains not fully understood. We aimed to identify novel genes associated with brain tau deposition using pathway-based candidate gene association analysis in a Korean cohort.

Methods: We analyzed data for 146 older adults from the well-established Korean AD continuum cohort (Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease; KBASE).

The Moderating Effect of Serum Vitamin D on the Relationship between Beta-amyloid Deposition and Neurodegeneration.

Objective: Previous studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency increased the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in older adults. However, little is known about how vitamin D is involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association and interaction of serum vitamin D levels with AD pathologies including cerebral beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and neurodegeneration in nondemented older adults.

Visual and Auditory Sensory Impairments Differentially Relate with Alzheimer's Pathology.

Objective: We intended to investigate the relationships between visual sensory impairment (VSI) or auditory sensory impairment (ASI) and brain pathological changes associated with cognitive decline in older adults.

Methods: We primarily tried to examine whether each sensory impairment is related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, specifically beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, through both cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Self-report questionnaires on vision and hearing status were administered at the baseline.

Moderation of Amyloid-β Deposition on the Effect of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Clinical trial findings on cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are inconclusive, offering limited support for their MCI treatment. Given that nearly half of amnestic MCI cases lack cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease; this Aβ heterogeneity may explain inconsistent results.

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether Aβ deposition moderates ChEI effects on amnestic MCI cognition.

Comparison of arterial spin labeled MRI (ASL MRI) between ADHD and control group (ages of 6-12).

This study utilized arterial spin labeling-magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) to explore the developmental trajectory of brain activity associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) data were acquired from 157 children with ADHD and 109 children in a control group, all aged 6-12 years old. Participants were categorized into the age groups of 6-7, 8-9, and 10-12, after which comparisons were performed between each age group for ASL analysis of cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Quantification of Infarct Core Volume in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Using Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen in CT Perfusion.

Background And Purpose: The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO) is considered a robust marker of the infarct core in O-tracer-based PET. We aimed to delineate the infarct core in patients with acute ischemic stroke by using commonly used relative CBF (rCBF) < 30% and oxygen metabolism parameter of CMRO on CT perfusion in comparison with pretreatment DWI-derived infarct core volume.

Materials And Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke who met the inclusion criteria were recruited.

Global hyperperfusion after successful endovascular thrombectomy is linked to worse outcome in acute ischemic stroke.

Patients with stroke may develop hyperperfusion after a successful endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). However, the relationship between post-EVT hyperperfusion and clinical outcomes remains unclear and requires further clarification. We reviewed consecutive patients with anterior circulation occlusion who were successfully recanalized with EVT.

Association between brain amyloid deposition and longitudinal changes of white matter hyperintensities.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that not only cerebrovascular disease but also Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological process itself cause cerebral white matter degeneration, resulting in white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Some preclinical evidence also indicates that white matter degeneration may precede or affect the development of AD pathology. This study aimed to clarify the direction of influence between in vivo AD pathologies, particularly beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau deposition, and WMHs through longitudinal approach.