Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method to Quantify Marker Compounds in var. and Its Effects in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide, is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and disordered defecation. IBS is associated with several factors, including visceral hypersensitivity, gut motility, and gut-brain interaction disorders. Because currently available pharmacological treatments cannot adequately improve symptoms and may cause adverse effects, the use of herbal therapies for managing IBS is increasing.

Sesamin ameliorates lipotoxicity and lipid accumulation through the activation of the estrogen receptor alpha signaling pathway.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been linked to fat accumulation in the liver and lipid metabolism imbalance. Sesamin, a lignan commonly found in sesame seed oil, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, the precise mechanisms by which sesamin prevents hepatic steatosis are not well understood.

Molecular Basis of Resveratrol-Induced Resensitization of Acquired Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) to anticancer drugs remains a serious obstacle to the success of cancer chemotherapy. Resveratrol, a polyphenol, present in natural products exerts anticancer activity and acts as a potential MDR inhibitor in various drug-resistant cancer cells. In the process of resensitization of drug-resistant cancer cells, resveratrol has been shown to interfere with ABC transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes, increase DNA damage, inhibit cell cycle progression, and induce apoptosis and autophagy, as well as prevent the induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs).

Immune-Enhancing Effect of Submerged Culture of Mycelia on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice and the Underlying Mechanisms in Macrophages.

The white-rot fungi is used in bioremediation, such as lignocellulose degradation, in nature. Submerged cultures and extracts of mycelia (CLM) have been reported to contain various active ingredients, including β-glucan and extracellular polysaccharides, and to exert anti-diabetogenic properties in mice and cell lines. However, the immunostimulatory effects have not yet been reported.

Protective effects of Quercus acuta Thunb. fruit extract against UVB-induced photoaging through ERK/AP-1 signaling modulation in human keratinocytes.

Background: Quercus acuta Thunb. (Fagaceae) or Japanese evergreen oak is cultivated as an ornamental plant in South Korea, China, Japan, and Taiwan and used in traditional medicine. The acorn or fruit of Quercus acuta Thunb.

leaf extract (YRA-1909) suppresses inflammation by modulating Akt/NF-κB signaling in lipopolysaccharide-activated peritoneal macrophages and rodent models of inflammation.

Background: Inflammation is emerging as a key contributor to many vascular diseases and furthermore plays a major role in autoimmune diseases, arthritis, allergic reactions, and cancer. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a component constituting the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is commonly used for an inflammatory stimuli to mimic inflammatory diseases. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor and regulates gene expression particularly related to the inflammatory process.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor regulates the KLF2-dependent eNOS expression by activating of Ca and EGFR signaling pathway in human endothelial cells.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is important for maintaining normal blood vessel function by preventing endothelial cell dysfunction. It has been reported that G-1, an agonist of GPER, increases nitric oxide (NO) production through the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). However, the effect of GPER activation on eNOS expression has not been studied.

Antihypertensive Effects of Dehydroabietic and 4---Communic Acid Isolated from .

Korean red pine needle (RPN) exhibits various biological and pharmacological activities. Among the various compounds of RPN, we isolated dehydroabietic and 4---communic acid. At first, we confirmed that two compounds inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and induced p-Akt in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

Antipostmenopausal effects of and fruit combination in estrogen-deficient rats.

Background: Climacterium is a series of physical and mental symptoms occurring in women and men due to decreased levels of sex hormones. Women lose the ability to become pregnant due to decreased ovarian estrogen production; the initial symptom being hot flushes. In addition, urogenital atrophy, sexual dysfunction, mood changes, and osteoporosis occur.

Lactic Acid Bacteria Ameliorate Diesel Exhaust Particulate Matter-Exacerbated Allergic Inflammation in a Murine Model of Asthma.

Several air pollution components such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) have been linked to the development of asthma. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of three lactic acid bacteria species, GREEN CROSS Wellbeing (GCWB)1001, GCWB1085, and GCWB1156, in preventing DEPM-exacerbated asthma in mice. BALB/c mice were first sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and were either challenged with OVA or DEPM (DEPM-exacerbated asthma model) by intranasal instillation.

Immunomodulatory Activity of GCWB1176 in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression Model.

Recently, subsp. has been reported to have immunostimulating properties in an immunosuppressed-animal model. However, the immunological activities of and the molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Hepatoprotective Effects of LM1012 in Mice Exposed to Air Pollutants.

In this study, we explored whether the use of LM1012 (TL-LM1012) as a safe probiotic exerts hepatoprotective effects by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation and alleviating aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production . In a series of safety tests, TL-LM1012 was found to have a negative response to hemolysis and biogenic amines, as well as susceptibility to antibiotics. TL-LM1012 protected cell viability and suppressed cytotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and induced heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase activity in a dose-dependent manner in diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM)-treated HepG2 cells.

Laxative Activity of the Hot-Water Extract Mixture of Thunb. and Mazel in Chronic Constipation Model SD Rats.

This study examined the laxative effects of hot-water extracts of Thunb. (HD), Mazel (PM), and a 2:8 mixture of both (HP) in two chronic constipation models. For the loperamide-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group, negative control group (loperamide 4 mg/kg), positive control group (bisacodyl 4 mg/kg) group, and six treatment groups (HP 100 or 400, HD 50 or 100, and PM 100 or 400 mg/kg).

Effects of ChondroT on potassium Oxonate-induced Hyperuricemic mice: downregulation of xanthine oxidase and urate transporter 1.

Background: ChondroT, a new herbal medication, consists of the water extracts of Osterici Radix, Lonicerae Folium, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Clematidis Radix, and Phellodendri Cortex (6:4:4:4:3). We previously reported that ChondroT showed significant anti-arthritis and anti-inflammatory effects.

Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ChondroT on hyperuricemia.

Optimization of the Extraction Conditions and Biological Evaluation of H. Lev as an Anti-Hyperuricemic Source.

H. Levis a medicinal plant native to South Korea, East Asia, and South America. Among some 75 species, one species grows in Korea.

Sedative and hypnotic effects of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. through the regulation of serotonegic and GABA-ergic systems: Involvement of 5-HT receptor agonistic activity.

The present study was conducted to investigate the sedative and hypnotic activities of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. fruit (VBFW) in an animal model and to identify the underlying mechanisms of its action. VBFW exhibited sedative effects through a reduction in the locomotor activity in the open field test (OFT).

Antidepressant Effects of Vaccinium bracteatum via Protection Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

The present study evaluates the anti-oxidative stress activity of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. fruit extract (VBFW) to identify the mechanisms responsible for its antidepressant-like effects. To evaluate the antidepressant and anti-oxidant effects of VBFW, malondialdehyde (MDA), serotonin transporter (SERT), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels were measured in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS).

In vitro and in vivo androgen regulation of Dendropanax morbiferus leaf extract on late-onset hypogonadism.

Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is associated with advancing age and is caused by a deficiency in serum testosterone levels. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév.

Leaf Extract Reverses Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior in Mice: Regulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Serotonin Turnover Systems, and ERK/Akt Phosphorylation.

The leaves of Thunb. are a source of traditional herbal medicines found in East Asia. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of water extract of Thunb.

Hot-water extract of the branches of Thunb. (Rhamnaceae) ameliorates low-fiber diet-induced constipation in rats.

Thunb. (Rhamnaceae), also known as oriental raisin tree, is used in traditional herbal medicine. Its extracts have been reported to show various pharmacological effects such as hepatoprotection, antitumor, antiatopic dermatitis, antilipid peroxidation, anti-steatotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic activities.

Identification of the biologically active constituents of Camellia japonica leaf and anti-hyperuricemic effect in vitro and in vivo.

Camellia japonica L. is a plant of which the seeds are used as a folk medicine, and it is native to South Korea, Japan and China. In previous study, triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins and fatty acids which have antiviral, antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity were reported from C.

In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Thunb. (Fagaceae) Extract: Active Constituents, Serum Uric Acid Suppression, and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity.

Thunb. (Fagaceae) (QA) is cultivated as a dietary and ornamental plant in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. It has been widely used as the main ingredient of acorn tofu, a traditional food in China and South Korea.

Effects of Aqueous Extracts of in Rat Models for Postmenopausal Hot Flush.

Menopausal hot flushes (HFs), which manifest as a transient increase in skin temperature, occur most frequently in postmenopausal women, and sometimes negatively influence daily life. We investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of (CWW) in a rat model of menopausal HFs, where tail skin temperature (TST) is increased after the rapid estrogen decline induced by ovariectomy. Ten-week-old female rats were ovariectomized and treated with CWW for 1 week.