Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder in the ECHO Consortium.

Background: The relationship between prenatal exposure to low-level air pollution and child autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unclear.

Objective: To examine associations of prenatal air pollution exposure with autism.

Methods: We analyzed data from 8,035 mother-child pairs from 44 United States cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort.

Lessons learned for preventing health disparities in future pandemics: the role of social vulnerabilities among children diagnosed with severe COVID-19 early in the pandemic.

Background: Hispanic ethnicity is associated with an increased risk for severe disease in children with COVID-19. Identifying underlying contributors to this disparity can lead to improved health care utilization and prevention strategies.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of children 2-20 years of age with positive SARS-CoV-2 testing from March-October 2020.

Prenatal black carbon exposure and DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood.

Background/objectives: Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in childhood. We previously observed that prenatal black carbon (BC) was inversely associated with adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, in early childhood. Changes to DNA methylation have been proposed as a potential mediator linking in utero exposures to lasting health impacts.

Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and early childhood adiposity and cardiometabolic health in the Healthy Start study.

Background/objectives: Observational and experimental studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can increase childhood adiposity and cardiometabolic disruption. However, most previous studies have used weight-based measures that cannot distinguish between fat mass and lean mass. We evaluated associations of prenatal PFAS exposure with precisely measured body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers in early childhood.

Early-life exposure to residential black carbon and childhood cardiometabolic health.

Background: Early life exposure to air pollution, such as particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM), may be associated with obesity and adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes in childhood. However, the toxicity of PM varies according to its chemical composition.

Association of Maternal BMI and Rapid Infant Weight Gain With Childhood Body Size and Composition.

Objectives: Maternal prepregnancy BMI (ppBMI) and an infant's rapid weight gain (RWG) are each associated with increased risk for childhood obesity. We hypothesized that ppBMI and RWG interact to further raise childhood obesity risk.

Methods: Mother-infant dyads (n = 414) from the Healthy Start Study, an observational prebirth cohort, were included.

Maternal Diet Quality During Pregnancy and Offspring Hepatic Fat in Early Childhood: The Healthy Start Study.

Background: Overnutrition in utero may increase offspring risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the specific contribution of maternal diet quality during pregnancy to this association remains understudied in humans.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations of maternal diet quality during pregnancy with offspring hepatic fat in early childhood (median: 5 y old, range: 4-8 y old).

Methods: Data were from 278 mother-child pairs in the longitudinal, Colorado-based Healthy Start Study.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's sleep habits: an ECHO study.

Background: Sleep in childhood is affected by behavioral, environmental, and parental factors. We propose that these factors were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates sleep habit changes during the pandemic in 528 children 4-12 years old in the US, leveraging data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.

Ambient air pollution during pregnancy and DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood, with potential mediation of associations with infant adiposity: The Healthy Start study.

Background: Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with adverse offspring health outcomes. Childhood health effects of prenatal exposures may be mediated through changes to DNA methylation detectable at birth.

Methods: Among 429 non-smoking women in a cohort study of mother-infant pairs in Colorado, USA, we estimated associations between prenatal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O), and epigenome-wide DNA methylation of umbilical cord blood cells at delivery (2010-2014).

Ambient air pollution during pregnancy and cardiometabolic biomarkers in cord blood.

Unlabelled: Prenatal air pollution exposure has been associated with adverse childhood cardiometabolic outcomes. It is unknown whether evidence of metabolic disruption associated with air pollution is identifiable at birth. We examined exposure to prenatal ambient air pollution and cord blood cardiometabolic biomarkers among 812 mother-infant pairs in the Healthy Start study.

Maternal Mediterranean diet in pregnancy and newborn DNA methylation: a meta-analysis in the PACE Consortium.

Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy is related to a lower risk of preterm birth and to better offspring cardiometabolic health. DNA methylation may be an underlying biological mechanism. We evaluated whether maternal adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with offspring cord blood DNA methylation.

Adjuvant Therapy for Stage III Melanoma Without Immediate Completion Lymph Node Dissection.

Introduction: For patients with stage III melanoma with occult lymph node metastasis, the use of adjuvant therapy is increasing, and completion lymph node dissection (CLND) is decreasing. We sought to evaluate the use of modern adjuvant therapy and outcomes for patients with stage III melanoma who did not undergo CLND.

Methods: Patients with a positive SLNB from 2015 to 2020 who did not undergo CLND were evaluated retrospectively.

Implementation of Minimally Invasive Pancreaticoduodenectomy at Low and High-Volume Centers.

Background: There is a need to better define the safety of implementing the use of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD) in order to provide evidence for safe application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality associated with the implementation of MIPD across low and high-volume facilities using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Methods: Patients in the NCDB with pancreatic cancer diagnosed from 2010-2016 undergoing MIPD were selected.

The Volume-Outcome Effect Calls for Centralization of Care in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Results From a Large National Cancer Registry.

Introduction: Using the National Cancer Database, we assessed the relationship between facility overall esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) case volume and survival.

Methods: We categorized facilities into volume quintiles based on annual EAC patient volume and performed a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression between facility patient volume and survival.

Results: In a cohort of 116,675 patients, facilities with higher vs lower (≥25 vs 1-4 cases) annual EAC patient volume demonstrated improved survival (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.

Induction Chemotherapy Plus Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy (nCRT) is an accepted treatment regimen for patients with potentially curable esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether induction chemotherapy (IC) before nCRT is associated with improved pathologic complete response (pCR) and overall survival (OS) when compared with patients who received nCRT alone for esophageal and GEJ adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), patients who received nCRT and curative-intent esophagectomy for esophageal or GEJ adenocarcinoma from 2006 to 2015 were included.

Understanding gastroesophageal reflux disease in children.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder with increasing prevalence in children. The diagnosis and management of GERD remains a challenge because of its nonspecific symptomatology from infancy through adolescence. Certain presenting alarm symptoms warrant a further, more extensive workup.

De-implementation of Axillary Dissection in Women With Breast Cancer is Largely Driven By Site-level Contextual Effects.

Objective: To assess the contribution of unknown institutional factors (contextual effects) in the de-implementation of cALND in women with breast cancer.

Summary Of Background Data: Women included in the National Cancer Database with invasive breast carcinoma from 2012 to 2016 that underwent upfront lumpectomy and were found to have a positive sentinel node.

Methods: A multivariable mixed effects logistic regression model with a random intercept for site was used to determine the effect of patient, tumor, and institutional variables on the risk of cALND.

Controversial Role of Adjuvant Therapy in Node-Negative Invasive Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm.

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy and/or chemoradiation [chemo(radiation)] is considered the standard of care for resected patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, invasive carcinoma arising from an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) seems to have different biologic behavior and prognosis. Retrospective data suggest a survival benefit of adjuvant chemo(radiation) for resected invasive IPMNs with metastatic nodal disease; however, it is unclear whether this remains valid for node-negative patients.

Dextrose-Containing Carrier Solution for Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: Increased Intraoperative Hyperglycemia and Postoperative Complications.

Purpose: Intraoperative hyperglycemia is associated with infectious complications in general surgery patients. This study aimed to determine if the use of lactated Ringer's (LR) carrier solution during hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) would lower the incidence of intraoperative hyperglycemia and improve postoperative outcomes when compared with a standard 1.5% dextrose peritoneal dialysate carrier solution.