Pre-operative radiotherapy for breast cancer patients receiving mastectomy and immediate autologous tissue reconstruction.

Introduction: Radiotherapy (RT) is typically administered as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients with high risk of locoregional recurrence. However, for patients receiving mastectomy and autologous tissue immediate breast reconstruction (IBR), RT to the neobreast is associated with higher complication rates and poorer esthetics. Administering preoperative RT before mastectomy and autologous tissue reconstruction may be an alternative therapeutic sequence to improve patient outcomes.

Targeting formyl peptide receptor 1 with anteiso-C13-surfactin for neutrophil-dominant acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a catastrophic pulmonary inflammatory dysfunction with a high mortality rate. An overwhelming immune response by neutrophils is a key feature in infective or sterile ARDS. The formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is a crucial damage-sensing receptor for inflammatory reactions in the initiation and progression of neutrophil-mediated ARDS.

A theoretical analysis of prophylactic common iliac arterial occlusion for potential massive bleeding during cesarean delivery: Decision-making considerations - A 2-year retrospective study.

Objective: According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, there has been a rapid increase in the total cesarean birth rates. The rate of placenta accreta is increasing, and previous cesarean delivery is the most common risk factor. Labor is a major challenge in cases with an abnormally invasive placenta, considering the risk of massive blood loss during cesarean delivery and patient wishes for uterine preservation.

Academic Publication of Anesthesiology From a Bibliographic Perspective From 1999 to 2018: Comparative Analysis Using Subject-Field Dataset and Department Dataset.

Publication activity in the field of anesthesiology informs decisions that enhance academic advancement. Most previous bibliometric studies on anesthesiology examined data limited to journals focused on anesthesiology rather than data answerable to authors in anesthesia departments. This study comprehensively explored publication trends in the field of anesthesiology and their impact.

To drain or not to drain: the association between residual intraperitoneal gas and post-laparoscopic shoulder pain for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Residual intra-peritoneal gas may be associated with post-laparoscopic shoulder pain (PLSP), which is a frequently and disturbance compliant after surgery. Herein, we aimed to examine whether expiring residual gas via a surgical drain reduces the frequency and intensity of PLSP in the first day after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 448 participants were enrolled in this prospective cohort study.

A synthesized heterocyclic chalcone inhibits neutrophilic inflammation through K -dependent pH regulation.

Human neutrophils have a vital role in host defense and inflammatory responses in innate immune systems. Growing evidence shows that the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and granular proteolytic enzymes from activated neutrophils is linked to the pathogenesis of acute inflammatory diseases. However, adequate therapeutic targets are still lacking to regulate neutrophil functions.

The Use of Serratus Anterior Fascial Flap in Integrated Mastectomy and Implant Reconstruction.

Background: Tissue reinforcement with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in implant-based breast reconstruction contributes to the coverage of the implant and avoids its direct exposure to skin incision, yet not without risk of infection. Our integrated technique makes use of the in situ serratus anterior fascia as a support of the implant following mastectomy, which serves the same purpose of ADM in terms of aesthetic outcomes, but minimizes the hazard of infective complications.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all the nipple-sparing mastectomies with direct-to-implant immediate reconstruction in Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital from 2012 to 2016.

Nitric Oxide Orchestrates a Power-Law Modulation of Sympathetic Firing Behaviors in Neonatal Rat Spinal Cords.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible gas and has multifarious effects on both pre- and postsynaptic events. As a consequence of complex excitatory and inhibitory integrations, NO effects on neuronal activities are heterogeneous. Using preparations of neonatal rats that retain the splanchnic sympathetic nerves and the thoracic spinal cord as an experimental model, we report here that either enhancement or attenuation of NO production in the neonatal rat spinal cords could increase, decrease, or not change the spontaneous firing behaviors recorded from splanchnic sympathetic single fibers.

Bronchial lumen is the safer route for an airway exchange catheter in double-lumen tube replacement: preventable complication in airway management for thoracic surgery.

There is no current consensus on which lumen an airway exchange catheter (AEC) should be passed through in double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) to exchange for a single-lumen endotracheal tube (SLT) after thoracic surgery. We report an unusual case to provide possible solution on this issue. A 71-year-old man with lung adenocarcinoma had an event of a broken exchange catheter used during a DLT replacement with a SLT, after a video-assisted thoracic surgery.

Dipeptide HCH6-1 inhibits neutrophil activation and protects against acute lung injury by blocking FPR1.

Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is an emerging therapeutic target for the discovery of drugs to treat neutrophilic inflammatory diseases. However, development of FPR1 antagonists for clinical use is still inadequate. The purpose of this study was to identify a synthetic dipeptide N-(N-benzoyl-L-tryptophanyl)-D-phenylanlanine methyl ester (HCH6-1) as a FPR1 inhibitor and to investigate its protective effects against acute lung injury (ALI).

Trend of academic publication activity in anesthesiology: A 2-decade bibliographic perspective.

Objectives: The publication of anesthesiology papers presents the importance of understanding the corresponding research activity. This research used the bibliographic method to investigate the publication trend in anesthesiology using Science Citation Index Expanded over the period 1995-2014.

Methods: The journals listed in the subject category of anesthesiology in the 2014 Journal Citation Reports were selected, and bibliographic information was collected from Science Citation Index Expanded, with 128,003 papers published from 1995 to 2014.

Computational solution of spike overlapping using data-based subtraction algorithms to resolve synchronous sympathetic nerve discharge.

Sympathetic nerves conveying central commands to regulate visceral functions often display activities in synchronous bursts. To understand how individual fibers fire synchronously, we establish "oligofiber recording techniques" to record "several" nerve fiber activities simultaneously, using in vitro splanchnic sympathetic nerve-thoracic spinal cord preparations of neonatal rats as experimental models. While distinct spike potentials were easily recorded from collagenase-dissociated sympathetic fibers, a problem arising from synchronous nerve discharges is a higher incidence of complex waveforms resulted from spike overlapping.

The cellular mechanisms of the antiemetic action of dexamethasone and related glucocorticoids against vomiting.

Glucocorticoids, used primarily as anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs, are also effective, alone or combined with other antiemetics, for preventing nausea and vomiting. Dexamethasone, one of the glucocorticoids, has been suggested as a first-line drug for preventing low-level emetogenic chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in patients with only one or two risks for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Dexamethasone combined with 5-HT3 or tachykinin NK1 antagonists is also suggested for higher-level emetogenic chemotherapy and radiotherapy and for patients at high risk for PONV.

Propofol inhibits superoxide production, elastase release, and chemotaxis in formyl peptide-activated human neutrophils by blocking formyl peptide receptor 1.

Neutrophils play a critical role in acute and chronic inflammatory processes, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Binding of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) by N-formyl peptides can activate neutrophils and may represent a new therapeutic target in either sterile or septic inflammation. Propofol, a widely used i.

Glutamatergic activities in neonatal rat spinal cord heterogeneously regulate single-fiber splanchnic nerve discharge.

Kynurenic acid (KYN) is a metabolite of tryptophan and is involved in various neurological disorders. Using whole-bundle nerve recording techniques, we previously observed that applications of KYN to block endogenous ionotropic glutamate receptor activities in neonatal rat spinal cords in vitro cause a reversible fluctuation of splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). We hypothesized that the SND fluctuation was due to a heterogeneous single-fiber response.

Maneuvers to decrease laparoscopy-induced shoulder and upper abdominal pain: a randomized controlled study.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the pulmonary recruitment maneuver (PRM) and intraperitoneal normal saline infusion (INSI) in removing postlaparoscopic carbon dioxide from the abdominal cavity to decrease laparoscopy-induced abdominal or shoulder pain after surgery.

Design, Setting, And Patients: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, from August 1, 2009, through June 30, 2010. One hundred fifty-eight women undergoing laparoscopic surgery for benign gynecologic lesions were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the PRM group (n = 53), the INSI group (n = 54), and the control group (n = 51).

Dexamethasone prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting: benefit versus risk.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common annoying experience after surgery. The overall incidence of PONV in adults is 20-30%; the incidence rate in patients of high-risk groups can be as high as 70-80%. Children are not exempted from attacking either; the incidence rate in children above the age of 3 is more than 40%.

Sympathetic-correlated c-Fos expression in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro.

An isolated thoracic spinal cord of the neonatal rat in vitro spontaneously generates sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) at ~25 degrees C, but it fails in SND genesis at < or = 10 degrees C. Basal levels of the c-Fos expression in the spinal cords incubated at < or = 10 degrees C and ~25 degrees C were compared to determine the anatomical substrates that might participate in SND genesis. Cells that exhibited c-Fos immunoreactivity were virtually absent in the spinal cords incubated at < or = 10 degrees C.

Prospective randomized study of selective neck dissection versus observation for N0 neck of early tongue carcinoma.

Background: There are controversies on the benefits of elective neck dissection (END) for oral tongue carcinoma.

Method: This is a prospective randomized study of elective selective I, II, III neck dissection versus observation for N0 neck of stage I to II oral tongue carcinoma. There were 35 patients on the observation arm and 36 patients on the END arm.

Evaluation of MRI findings after polyacrylamide gel injection for breast augmentation.

Objective: Polyacrylamide gel injection mammoplasty has recently been used for breast augmentation. However, many complications have been reported including complications that in some patients resulted in the need for mastectomy. This article reviews the MRI appearances of various complications of polyacrylamide gel injection mammoplasty including breast asymmetry; intramammary or extramammary gel displacement, including intrathoracic extension; and glandular atrophy, inflammation, and infection resulting in mastectomy.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with vasospasm in a postpartum woman after postdural puncture headache following spinal anesthesia.

We describe a postpartum woman who, after an uneventful pregnancy, developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after spinal anesthesia, complicated by postdural puncture headache.

P6 acupressure does not prevent emesis during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

Nausea and vomiting are major adverse effects during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Stimulation of the P6 (Neiguan) acupoint is a traditional Chinese acupuncture technique used for effective antiemetic purposes. In this study, we evaluated the antiemetic effect of P6 acupressure in parturients during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

Ketamine attenuates sympathetic activity through mechanisms not mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the isolated spinal cord of neonatal rats.

Ketamine is believed to have sympathomimetic effects, although the central mechanism remains unclear. Using an in vitro splanchnic nerve-spinal cord preparation from neonatal rats, our previous investigations have demonstrated that tonic sympathetic activity is spontaneously generated from the thoracic spinal cord. We designed this study to investigate whether applications of ketamine to the cord would augment sympathetic activity and whether this action was dependent on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors.