Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis: A Clinical Review.

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) is a chronic condition characterized by the presence of atrophy in the oxyntic mucosa due to anti-parietal cell antibodies. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of autoimmune atrophic gastritis, reporting recent evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentation, risk of malignancies, and management. The prevalence of AAG has been estimated at between 0.

Endoscopic Management of Dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus and Early Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Barrett's oesophagus is a pathological condition whereby the normal oesophageal squamous mucosa is replaced by specialised, intestinal-type metaplasia, which is strongly linked to chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux. A correct endoscopic and histological diagnosis is pivotal in the management of Barrett's oesophagus to identify patients who are at high risk of progression to neoplasia. The presence and grade of dysplasia and the characteristics of visible lesions within the mucosa of Barrett's oesophagus are both important to guide the most appropriate endoscopic therapy.

Side effects of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors: practical considerations.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed drugs due to the increasing incidence of acid‑related disorders, but a large number of prescriptions are issued with inappropriate indications. Despite PPIs being effective and well tolerated, there have been growing concerns about potential adverse effects associated with long‑term use of these drugs. Indeed, pharmacovigilance agencies have issued broad-based product warnings on the association between treatment with PPIs and long‑term complications, including increased risk of fractures and impaired magnesium absorption.