Neurology of Androgens and Androgenic Supplements.

Purpose Of Review: This article explores the intricate relationship between androgens, androgen receptors, and the central nervous system. We examine the role of physiologically derived androgens and androgenic supplements in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity and delve into the involvement of androgen pathways in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders.

Recent Findings: This review highlights the increasing recognition of testosterone and androgen signaling in various neurological conditions, with evidence of both protective and harmful effects depending on dosage and context.

High mimic rate among recipients of intravenous thrombolysis for acute minor ischemic stroke presenting with disabling symptoms.

Background: Patients with minor acute ischemic stroke, defined as having an NIHSS score of ≤5, and presenting with disabling symptoms are routinely administered intravenous (IV) thrombolytics. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of stroke mimics among these patients and compare the characteristics between stroke mimics and true strokes in those who received thrombolytic therapy. Additionally, we evaluated the safety of thrombolytic therapy in stroke mimic patients.

Testosterone supplementation and stroke in young adults: a review of the literature.

Testosterone supplementation has increased in recent years for both treatment of hypogonadism and recreational use. Strokes in young adults have similarly increased with a larger proportion of patients in this age group having a stroke due to early onset of cardiovascular risk factors or unrelated to conventional risks. Hormonal treatments are associated with increased stroke risk amongst women, with some studies indicating an increase in stroke risk as high as 40% when compared to non-users.

Secondary Prevention of Cryptogenic Stroke and Outcomes Following Surgical Patent Foramen Ovale Closure Plus Medical Therapy vs. Medical Therapy Alone: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis of Eight Meta-Analyses Covering Seventeen Countries.

Background: Cryptogenic stroke (CS) is an exclusion diagnosis that accounts for 10-40% of all ischemic strokes. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is found in 66% of patients with CS, while having a prevalence of 25-30% in the general population. The primary aim was to evaluate the risk of recurrent stroke following surgical PFO closure plus medical therapy vs.

A Review of the Quiz, as a New Dimension in Medical Education.

Over the years, medical education delivery has seen a change from teacher-centric to student-centric teaching-learning methods. Educators are constantly looking to develop interactive and innovative teaching-learning tools. One such supplementary tool is the use of the quiz for medical education.