Advances in the mechanism of small extracellular vesicles promoting the development of hepatocellular carcinoma through multi-network fusion.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant epithelial tumor characterized by global high incidence and poor clinical prognosis. Radical surgical resection, as the standard treatment for early-stage HCC patients, has been extensively validated for its therapeutic efficacy. However, epidemiological studies indicate that most patients are already in advanced stages at initial diagnosis, losing eligibility for radical treatment.

Recent advancements in the discovery of small-molecule non-nucleoside inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role in the life cycle of the novel coronavirus and stands as a significant and promising target for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs), as a category of compounds directed against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, exhibit a unique and highly effective mechanism, effectively overcoming various factors contributing to drug resistance against nucleoside inhibitors (NIs). This review investigates various NNIs, including both natural and synthetic inhibitors, that closely interacting with the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp with valid evidences from in vitro and in silico studies.