Pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents is increasing, yet there is limited information on the available pharmacological interventions to combat T2DM and prevent associated comorbidities.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of current pharmacological treatments in managing T2DM in children and adolescents. The protocol of the study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022382165).

Beyond the Guidelines: Perspectives on Management of Pediatric Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia.

Purpose Of Review: To provide a comprehensive overview of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in youth, identifying gaps in categorizing triglyceride (TG) levels and management strategies, and exploring new therapies for TG reduction.

Recent Findings: Non-fasting TG levels as important cardiovascular (CV) risk indicators, with HTG's pathophysiology involving genetic and secondary factors affecting TG metabolism. Emerging treatments, including those affecting the lipoprotein lipase complex and inhibiting proteins like apoC3 and ANGPTL3, show promise.

Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights Into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes.

The gut microbiota (GM), comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review delves into the intricate roles and mechanisms of the GM in these conditions, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota. The review elucidates the diversity and development of the human GM, highlighting its pivotal functions in host physiology, including nutrient absorption, immune regulation, and energy metabolism.

Altered lipid metabolism and the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.

Purpose Of Review: An increasing amount of research has underscored the significant role of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This comprehensive review examines the intricate relationship between lipoprotein abnormalities and the development of MAFLD.

Recent Findings: Atherogenic dyslipidemia seen in insulin resistance states play a significant role in initiating and exacerbating hepatic lipid accumulation.

Children and Adolescents With Hybrid Diabetes: A Management Conundrum.

Objective: Hybrid diabetes (HD); ie, insulin resistance with positive diabetes-associated autoantibodies (DAAs) is increasing in children. We aimed to compare the characteristics of children with HD with those with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at diagnosis and after 2 years.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients aged 0 to 19 years, with C-peptide and 4 DAA measurements available, who were diangosed with new-onset diabetes from 2016 to 2020 were included in the analysis.