Medical disputes involving lower gastrointestinal endoscopies: cases from the Korean Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency.

Background/aims: As the number of lower gastrointestinal endoscopies and high-risk examinees increases, the incidence of adverse events associated with these endoscopies has also increased. Medical disputes and lawsuits related to adverse events are rapidly increasing.

Methods: Medical disputes related to lower gastrointestinal endoscopy that had been filed in Korean Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency (K-medi) from April 2012 to August 2020 were evaluated with the corresponding medical records and written appraisal.

Predicting Neoplastic Gallbladder Polyps: The Role of Current Surgical Indications and Preoperative Images.

Background/aims: Cholecystectomy for gallbladder (GB) polyps is performed primarily based on preoperative images. This study examined the accuracy of surgical indications commonly used in clinical practice for detecting neoplastic polyps and investigated further clues for predicting neoplastic polyps.

Methods: This retrospective study included 385 patients who underwent a cholecystectomy for GB polyps.

Effect of Trimebutine and Rifaximin on Breath Hydrogen and Methane by Glucose Breath Test in Patients With Functional Bloating: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial.

Background/aims: Drugs that stabilize intestinal motility may improve the efficacy of nonabsorbable antibiotics, such as rifaximin, against small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). We compared the efficacy of rifaximin alone with that of its combination with trimebutine maleate against SIBO.

Methods: We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (https://cris.

Characteristics of Early Pancreatic Cancer: Comparison between Stage 1A and Stage 1B Pancreatic Cancer in Multicenter Clinical Data Warehouse Study.

Background: Little is known about the characteristics of early pancreatic cancer. We aimed to identify the characteristics, clues for early detection, and prognostic factors for early pancreatic cancer by analyzing a large number of patients with stage 1 pancreatic cancer.

Methods: A clinical data warehouse that includes databases of all the medical records of eight academic institutions was used to select and analyze patients with pancreatic cancer that had been diagnosed from January 2010 to May 2023.

The Awareness and Experience About Endoscopic Adverse Events Among South Korean Endoscopists.

Background/aims: The number of endoscopic procedures and related adverse events is increasing. We investigated South Korean endoscopists' awareness and experience of endoscopic adverse events.

Materials And Methods: We used Google Forms to conduct an online questionnaire survey among South Korean endoscopists from December 11 to 29, 2020.

Tracking incidentally discovered pancreatic cysts smaller than 30 mm: Natural course and predictors of malignancy.

Background And Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the natural course and predictors of malignancy in incidentally detected small pancreatic cysts (PCs).

Method: We retrospectively included patients with PCs smaller than 30 mm followed up with the same cross-sectional imaging modality at least 12 months apart between January 2010 and December 2019 in three academic institutions. Cyst growth, pancreatic cancer incidence, and associated factors associated with pancreatic cancer were analyzed.

Medical disputes related to advanced endoscopic procedures with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or endoscopic ultrasonography for the management of pancreas and biliary tract diseases.

Background/aims: This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-related adverse events (AEs) that eventually lead to medical disputes or claims on medical professional liability.

Methods: Medical disputes for ERCP/EUS-related AEs filed in the Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency between April 2012 and August 2020 were evaluated using corresponding medical records. AEs were categorized into three sections: procedure-related, sedation-related, and safety-related AEs.

Lactase Deficiency Diagnosed by Endoscopic Biopsy-based Method is Associated With Positivity to Glucose Breath Test.

Background/aims: Lactase deficiency, which has many similarities with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), causes various gastrointestinal symptoms. We estimate the prevalence of SIBO in patients with intestinal symptoms from dairy products and investigate the association between lactase deficiency (LD) and SIBO.

Methods: This prospective study included patients with functional intestinal symptoms from dairy product indigestion.

Current Practice Patterns of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Tissue Sampling for Pancreatic Solid Mass in Korea: Outcomes of a National Survey.

Background/aims: Although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and fine needle biopsy (FNB) are widely used for tissue acquisition of pancreatic solid mass, the optimal strategy of this procedure has not been established yet. The aim of this nationwide study was to investigate the current practice patterns of EUS-FNA/FNB for pancreatic solid mass in Korea.

Methods: The Policy-Quality Management of the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association (KPBA) developed a questionnaire containing 22 questions.

Relationship between untreated obstructive sleep apnea and breath hydrogen and methane after glucose load.

Background: Patients with sleep disturbances have gastrointestinal symptoms. Breath hydrogen (H) and methane (CH) indicating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) might be related with these symptoms. The study was conducted to assess the link between breath profiles and untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Efficacies of prokinetics and rifaximin on the positivity of a glucose breath test in patients with functional dyspepsia: a randomized trial.

Background And Aim: prokinetics could eradicate small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mosapride, rifaximin and a combination of mosapride and rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

Methods: we randomly assigned patients with functional dyspepsia diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive mosapride, rifaximin or a combination of both for two weeks.

Serum Pepsinogen and Gastrin Levels: Reliable Markers to Predict Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth.

Background: Serum pepsinogen, a useful indicator of gastric acidity, could reflect small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and profiles including pepsinogen or gastrin.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study with 62 patients with a functional gastrointestinal disorder.

Role of Glucose Breath Test for Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Children and Adolescents With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Korea.

Background/aims: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is expected in children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs). This study is conducted to estimate the prevalence of SIBO and to investigate the role of SIBO in children and adolescents with FAPDs.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled children with FAPDs fulfilling the Rome IV criteria.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related adverse events in Korea: A nationwide assessment.

Background: Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a pivotal procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of pancreatobiliary diseases, it has been known that the risk of procedure-related adverse events (AEs) is significant.

Objective: We conducted this nationwide cohort study since there have been few reports on the real-world data regarding ERCP-related AEs.

Methods: Patients who underwent ERCP were identified between 2012 and 2015 using Health Insurance Review and Assessment database generated by the Korea government.

Unilateral versus bilateral Y-type stent-in-stent metal stent insertions in inoperable malignant hilar biliary strictures: A multicenter retrospective study.

Background: To date, there is controversy regarding unilateral versus bilateral stent placement in patients with malignant hilar biliary strictures (MHBSs). The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and complications of unilateral and bilateral (stent-in-stent method) stent placements for these patients.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with inoperable MHBS who underwent endoscopic self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement from January 2009 to December 2019.

Endoscopic and Percutaneous Biliary Interventions after Liver Transplantation: Nationwide Data in Korea.

Background/aims: Biliary complications including biliary strictures and bile leaks are the most common complications that occur after liver transplantation (LT). Endoscopic treatment with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) is considered the first-line treatment, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) can serve as an alternative or rescue therapy. However, nationwide clinical data on the frequency of ERC and PTC following LT have not yet been investigated.

A National Survey on the Environment and Basic Techniques of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Korea.

Background/aims: The work environment in which endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is conducted has influence on its efficacy and safety. We aimed to assess the current status of ERCP work environments and to investigate the trends associated with the basic techniques of ERCP in Korea.

Methods: The work environment and information on the basic techniques of ERCP were acquired by the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association (KPBA) through a national survey in 2019.

Palliative endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction in Korea: A nationwide assessment.

Background: Malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) is usually caused by biliary tract cancer or pancreatic cancer. This study was performed to summarize the current situation regarding palliative endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) for MBO in Korea and to determine its clinical significance by analyzing representative nationwide data.

Methods: Patients that underwent palliative ERBD for MBO between 2012 and 2015 were identified using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, which covers the entire Korean population.

Effect of prophylactic clip application for the prevention of postpolypectomy bleeding of large pedunculated colonic polyps: a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Prophylactic application of a hemoclip has been suggested as an alternative to the use of an endoloop for the prevention of postpolypectomy bleeding (PPB) when resecting large, pedunculated colorectal polyps. Therefore, this multicenter, randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of prophylactic hemoclip application to reduce PPB during the resection of large pedunculated polyps.

Methods: Large pedunculated polyps (≥10 mm in head diameter) were eligible for inclusion.

Serum Gastrin Predicts Hydrogen-Producing Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients With Abdominal Surgery: A Prospective Study.

Objectives: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) might be associated with a history of abdominal surgery. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SIBO and to investigate serum gastrin and pepsinogen as predictors of SIBO in patients with a history of hysterectomy, gastrectomy, or cholecystectomy.

Methods: This prospective study surveyed 146 patients with a history of hysterectomy, gastrectomy, or cholecystectomy, and 30 healthy controls, who underwent a hydrogen (H2)-methane (CH4) glucose breath test (GBT) for SIBO.

[Acute Pancreatitis associated with Acute Hepatitis A in an Old Aged Patient].

Acute pancreatitis caused by acute hepatitis A is extremely rare, with only a small number of cases in young adults having been reported. This paper presents a 74-year-old female patient with an acute abdomen, which proved to be acute pancreatitis with acute hepatitis A. A survey of acute viral hepatitis A as a root cause of pancreatitis should be considered when clinicians encounter patients with acute pancreatitis without any known etiology of pancreatitis.

Current trends in the management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in Korea: a national survey.

Background/aims: The study aimed to investigate the current practice patterns in the management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in Korea.

Methods: An electronic survey was systematically distributed by email to members of the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association from December 2019 to February 2020.

Results: In total, 115 (110 gastroenterologists, five surgeons) completed the survey, 72.

Acute gastric injury after ingestion of substrate with hyperosmolar glucose and benzoate inversely related with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

Background/aims: The occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) could be determined after ingestion of substrate with highly concentrated glucose for glucose breath test (GBT), after which endoscopic images for acute gastric injury have not been clarified. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and relationship of acute gastric injury with SIBO after GBT.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 235 patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms undergoing breath test with 50 g glucose solution, immediately followed by upper endoscopy were surveyed.