Hydrogen Gas Attenuates Toxic Metabolites and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Signaling to Inhibit Neurodegeneration and Enhance Memory in Alzheimer's Disease Models.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition in which amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques trigger oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation, causing memory loss. OS and neurodegeneration can also be caused by reactive astrocytes, thereby promoting AD via toxic metabolite accumulation in the astrocytic urea cycle. However, the effect of molecular hydrogen (H) on this cycle remains unknown.