Disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination uptake across the intersection of disability and sexual orientation.

Purpose: Although human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination provides effective primary prevention against cervical cancer, HPV vaccination rates remain low in the U.S. It is unknown whether women with disabilities and/or LGB + women are likely to experience disparities in HPV vaccination uptake.

Understanding the pathogenesis of uveitis in Ebola virus disease survivors: a study protocol for clinical, molecular virologic, and immunologic characterization.

The 2013-2016 Western African outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), the largest recorded outbreak since the discovery of Ebola virus (EBOV) in 1976, destabilized local health systems and left thousands of survivors at risk for post-acute sequelae, including vision-threatening uveitis. In an EVD survivor with severe panuveitis, the detection of persistent EBOV in the aqueous humor, long after clearance of acute viremia, focused clinical and research attention on the host-EBOV interaction in the unique terrain of ocular immune-privilege. Despite the recognition that uveitis is common and consequential in EVD survivors, our understanding of pathogenesis is extremely limited, including the contributions of viral persistence and ocular-specific and systemic immune responses to disease expression.

Functional consequences of amblyopia and its impact on health-related quality of life.

Amblyopia (lazy eye) is the most common cause of monocular vision loss, affecting up to 4% of children and often persisting into adulthood. While treating the visual acuity deficit is often the focus of treatment, there is a pressing need for researchers, educators, and clinicians to understand the effects of amblyopia that extend beyond visual acuity. This review article highlights recent advances in understanding the impact of amblyopia on everyday life functioning.

Examining disparities in cervical cancer diagnosis at the intersection of disability and sexual orientation.

Background: Cervical cancer risk factors are more prevalent among women with disabilities and sexual minorities, yet little is known about how these factors intersect.

Objective: To examine differences in cervical cancer diagnosis at the intersection of disability and sexual orientation.

Methods: Using a nationally representative sample (N = 80,447) obtained from 2014 to 2023 National Health Interview Survey data, we conducted logistic regressions to estimate the odds of cervical cancer diagnosis at the intersection of disability and sexual orientation among women (25-65 years).

Association of Age With Glaucoma and Visual Acuity Outcomes 10.5 Years After Unilateral Congenital Cataract Surgery.

Objective: To determine the association among age, gestational age, glaucoma-related adverse events, and visual acuity following unilateral cataract surgery.

Design: Post hoc follow-up of a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Methods: An analysis of 112 infants who had unilateral congenital cataract surgery between 1-6 months of chronological age.

Stereopsis in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: outcome at 10½ years.

Parts of material previously presented at Annual Meetings of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology and the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00212134.

Early Patching Behaviors That Improve the Chances of Good Visual Acuity in Children Treated for Unilateral Congenital Cataract.

Purpose: Achieving near normal vision after unilateral congenital cataract (UCC) surgery is possible but requires early surgery, optical correction, and consistent patching. Patching is often challenging for children and their caregivers. The goal of these analyses is to examine the association between reported consistency in patching during the first year after surgery and visual acuity (VA).

The Prevalence of Obesity is Increased in Adolescents with Amblyopia: An Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data.

Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision loss in children. Amblyopia has been associated with impaired depth perception but little attention has been paid to the extent to which amblyopia increases the risk of obesity. Public-use data from the 1999-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used.

Is Patching after Age 4 Beneficial for Children Born with a Unilateral Congenital Cataract?

Purpose: The goal of these analyses is to provide evidence that can help parents and healthcare providers determine whether or not to continue occlusion therapy once a reliable measure of optotype acuity can be obtained in children who are born with a unilateral congenital cataract.

Design: Data from the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) are used in a cohort design.

Participants: A total of 105 children who participated in the IATS and did not have a vision-threatening adverse event.

Patching in Children With Unilateral Congenital Cataract and Child Functioning and Parenting Stress.

Importance: Parents may be concerned about the adverse outcomes of occlusion therapy in children treated for unilateral congenital cataract (UCC).

Objective: To determine whether occlusion therapy in children treated for UCC with poor visual outcomes is negatively associated with poorer child and/or family functioning.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was conducted in 2023 using data collected between 2006 and 2016 in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS).

Pregnancy Planning and its Association with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development.

Objectives: To examine associations between pregnancy planning and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring.

Methods: The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a multi-site case-control study, enrolled preschool-aged children with ASD, other DDs, and from the general population (POP). Some children with DDs had ASD symptoms but did not meet the ASD case definition.

Association of Sociodemographic Characteristics with Pediatric Vision Screening and Eye Care: An Analysis of the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health.

Purpose: Vision screening and regular eye care can help detect and treat potentially irreversible vision impairment. This study aims to investigate the associations between sociodemographic and health characteristics and the receipt of eye care among children aged 17 years and younger in the United States.

Design: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), a nationally representative and population-based survey of randomly sampled households.

Decomposing the Black-White Racial Disparity in Severe Maternal Morbidity Risk: The Role of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.

Background: To our knowledge, no studies have explicitly studied the role of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in racial disparities in severe maternal morbidity (SMM).

Methods: Using causal mediation models, we estimated the proportion of the non-Hispanic (NH) Black-White racial disparity in risk of SMM that is explained through the pathway of HDP. We linked 2006-2019 Georgia hospital discharge records with vital statistics birth and fetal death records for NH Black and NH White birthing persons.

COVID-19 and the eye: Systemic and laboratory risk factors for retinopathy and detection of tear film SARS-CoV-2 RNA with a triplex RT-PCR assay.

Purpose: To assess hospitalized COVID-19 inpatients for the prevalence of retinopathy and tear film SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and associated risk factors for their detection.

Methods: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients underwent dilated ophthalmic examination and fundus photography. Conjunctival swabs were assessed for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR via a triple target assay.

Delayed entry into prenatal care among women with pre-pregnancy health conditions, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.

First trimester entry into prenatal care is recommended for all women, and especially women with pre-pregnancy conditions. Our objective was to determine whether women with pre-pregnancy conditions were at lower risk of entry after the first trimester (delayed entry) into prenatal care than women without a pre-pregnancy health condition. We used data from 10,890 participants in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study who delivered liveborn infants without birth defects.

Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Before and After Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among African American Women.

Objective: Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may experience adverse perinatal outcomes in the years before an SLE diagnosis. Overall, there is limited research on perinatal outcomes among African American women with SLE. We undertook this study to examine the risk of preterm and small-for-gestational age births among African American women with SLE compared to the general population of African American women in a large metropolitan area.

Comprehensive Assessment of Quality of Life, Functioning, and Mental Health in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Noninfectious Uveitis.

Objective: Pediatric uveitis can lead to sight-threatening complications and can impact quality of life (QoL) and functioning. We aimed to examine health-related QoL, mental health, physical disability, vision-related functioning (VRF), and vision-related QoL in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U), and other noninfectious uveitis. We hypothesized that there will be differences based on the presence of eye disease.

Glaucoma-Related Adverse Events at 10 Years in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Glaucoma-related adverse events constitute serious complications of cataract removal in infancy, yet long-term data on incidence and visual outcome remain lacking.

Objective: To identify and characterize incident cases of glaucoma and glaucoma-related adverse events (glaucoma + glaucoma suspect) among children in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) by the age of 10.5 years and to determine whether these diagnoses are associated with optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessment.

Assessing the Validity and Reliability of the Effects of Youngsters' Eyesight on Quality of Life Questionnaire Among Children With Uveitis.

Objective: The Effects of Youngsters' Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE-Q) questionnaire measures vision-related functioning (VRF) and vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in children with uveitis. Our aim was to revise the alpha version of the EYE-Q to refine VRF and VRQoL subscales and to assess the validity of the EYE-Q.

Methods: Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), JIA-associated uveitis, and other noninfectious uveitis were enrolled.

Outcomes of secondary intraocular lens implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study.

Purpose: To report outcomes of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS).

Setting: Multicenter clinical practice.

Design: Secondary analysis of patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial.