Serum neurofilament light chain levels are associated with cognitive decline in a consecutive cohort of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline, but the individual progression rates vary. One type of blood-based biomarker that has been widely investigated is neurofilament light chain (NfL), as it reflects measures neuronal damage.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate whether NfL could determine the rate of progression in patients with AD.

The Ability of Electroencephalography Using Statistical Pattern Recognition to Predict Conversion from Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study.

Introduction: Studies have shown that quantitative EEG is useful in predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs). As subcortical pathology is present and executive impairment is common in DLB, we hypothesized that EEG could predict conversion in patients with impaired executive function and any subcortical pathology.

Methods: We included 113 patients with MCI from 5 Nordic memory clinics, 80 (71%) with amnestic MCI, 17 (15%) with dysexecutive MCI (deMCI), 3 (3%) with aphasic, 2 (2%) with visuospatial, and 11 (10%) with unspecific MCI.

Normal cerebral oxygen consumption and lactate levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia.

Brain metabolism is reduced in patients with dementia disorders, as demonstrated by hypometabolism on 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoroglucose ([F]FDG) positron emissions tomography. A contributing factor to the hypometabolism could be decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) leading to a state of subtle hypoperfusion-induced tissue hypoxia causing a reduced brain oxygen metabolism and consequently elevated brain lactate. In the current exploratory study, we investigated brain lactate, global and regional CBF, and global cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs).

Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 kDA (SNAP-25) Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Monitoring.

Synaptic degeneration has been linked to cognitive decline. The presynaptic protein, synaptosomal-associated protein 25 kDA (SNAP-25), is crucial for synaptic transmission and has been suggested as a biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the current study, we investigated the ability of SNAP-25 to differentiate between heterogenous dementia etiologies and whether SNAP-25 could be a staging marker in AD.

Subclinical epileptiform discharges in Alzheimer's disease are associated with increased hippocampal blood flow.

Background: In epilepsy, the ictal phase leads to cerebral hyperperfusion while hypoperfusion is present in the interictal phases. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have an increased prevalence of epileptiform discharges and a study using intracranial electrodes have shown that these are very frequent in the hippocampus. However, it is not known whether there is an association between hippocampal hyperexcitability and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).