Effects of surface functional modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on oral insulin delivery: A review.

Convenient and painless oral formulations of insulin are more accessible to patients than subcutaneous insulin, which is inconvenient to use and has more adverse outcomes. However, due to the intrinsic properties of insulin, and the harsh environments and physiological barriers in the gastrointestinal tract, the structure of insulin is susceptible to destruction after oral administration, resulting in drug inactivation. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), exhibiting advantages such as the well-developed pore network and good biocompatibility, ensures the efficient loading of insulin, protect the activity and dominant conformation of insulin.

Platelet-derived microparticles and their cargos: The past, present and future.

All eukaryotic cells can secrete extracellular vesicles, which have a double-membrane structure and are important players in the intercellular communication involved in a variety of important biological processes. Platelets form platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) in response to activation, injury, or apoptosis. This review introduces the origin, pathway, and biological functions of PMPs and their importance in physiological and pathological processes.

Constructing a drug release model by central composite design to investigate the interaction between drugs and temperature-sensitive controlled release nanoparticles.

To study the release behavior of a thermosensitive controlled release drug delivery system and construct a predictable mathematical model of drug release, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-Allylamine) (P(NIPA-AL17)) and ploy(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) were functionalized on the surface of hollow mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (HMCNs) through layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly to construct a photothermal responsive controlled release system. A five-level four-factorial central composite design (CCD) was performed to investigate the relationship between four independent variables including drug loading (A), number of polymer layers (B), temperature (C) and vibration rate of the shaker (D), and three dependent response variables, including cumulative release over 1 h (Y), cumulative release over 24 h (Y) and the release rate constant k (Y). The CCD results indicate that A and C significantly affect Y (P < 0.