Nutritional Assessment Tools, Prognostic Factors, and Outcomes in Critically Ill Geriatric Trauma Patients: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate malnutrition risk assessment, nutritional status assessment, prognostic factors, and nutrition components in critically ill geriatric trauma patients.

Methods: Five databases were queried, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Embase, and Cochrane. Included studies evaluated nutritional status assessment tools, prognostic factors, and nutritional components or quantity measures.

Assessment and optimization plan for enhancing public medical laboratory services in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Middle-income and especially low-income countries continuously seek ways to efficiently utilize their public funds to provide access to quality healthcare for their population. The government of the Kyrgyz Republic is embarking on a Strengthening Regional Health Security Project for the optimization and centralization of medical laboratories, which will be implemented as a pilot in two major cities and two regions of the country to improve essential laboratory testing for disease surveillance and diagnostics. Representative state-funded laboratories (6 bacteriological public health laboratories and 11 clinical diagnostic laboratories) were assessed using the World Health Organization's Laboratory Assessment Tool that covered the provision of services, condition of facilities, equipment, financing, reagent procurement, workflow, regulatory documents, and quality control and assurance.

A national analysis of whole blood versus component therapy in pediatric trauma resuscitations.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes among pediatric patients receiving whole blood (WB) transfusion, in addition to evaluating the ratio of WB to total transfused volume (TTV) based on trauma type.

Methods: Pediatric trauma patients who received WB or component therapy (CT) were identified from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program Participant Use File (ACS-TQIP-PUF) from 2020 to 2023. The primary outcomes measured were mortality at 4-h and 24-h.

Optimizing early surgical sepsis management in the emergency department: Risk factors, early detection, and management: A scoping review.

Background: This scoping review aims to evaluate the current literature on early sepsis management for surgical patients presenting to the emergency department (ED), with a focus on predisposing risk factors, early diagnostics, and timing of management to determine best practices for optimizing outcomes.

Methods: A structured literature review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, Cochrane, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies on sepsis in surgical patients, including those with traumatic injuries, presenting to the ED. Eligible studies investigated adult patients (≥18 years) with sepsis or suspected sepsis, reporting on risk factors, diagnostic tools, or timing of management.

Evaluating Clinical Outcomes and Management Strategies for Isolated Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury in Adult Trauma Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Introduction: This study aims to compare the outcomes of endovascular repair to nonoperative and operative options in the treatment of moderate-to-severe blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVIs) in adult trauma patients.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program Participant Use File database from 2017 to 2021. Adult (age ≥ 18 y) trauma patients with moderate-to-severe (injury severity score ≥ 9) blunt injuries and severe isolated (abbreviated injury scale head and neck ≥ 3, all other regions ≤ 2) BCVI were included.

Association of Body Mass Index With Severe Sepsis Outcomes in Critically-Ill Severely Injured Adult Trauma Patients: A National Analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes of critically-ill adult trauma patients with severe sepsis and severe injuries by body mass index (BMI) classification.

Methods: This retrospective study utilized the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database from 2017 to 2021 to evaluate the relationship between BMI and severe sepsis outcomes. Patients included in this study included critically-ill adult (age ≥18 ys) trauma patients with severe injuries (injury severity score [ISS] ≥15) and a diagnosis of severe sepsis.

Multidimensional Sleep and Self-Rated Physical Health and Depressive Symptoms Among Retired Older Adults: A Sex-Stratified Analysis.

Objectives: Individual sleep characteristics have been shown to independently influence physical and mental health in older adults, but these characteristics are often interdependent. However, few studies have explored multidimensional sleep health in relation to self-rated health outcomes among retired older adults, particularly with regard to sex differences. This study examined the associations between multidimensional sleep health, and self-rated physical and mental (i.

Health Conditions in Wyoming Miners as Reflected in Wyoming Miner's Hospital Insurance Claims, 2014-2023.

Objectives: This study examines the prevalence of health conditions for which miners enrolled in a state-funded insurance program sought care.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of claims data submitted to the Wyoming Miner's Hospital during 2014-2023. Using International Classification of Diseases codes and identifiers unique to each miner, we calculated the number of unique miners with claims submitted for major disease categories and common diagnoses within each category.

Clinical diagnosis groups developed to bridge the ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM coding transition and monitor trends in workers' compensation claims - Ohio, 2011-2018.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop a set of broad clinical diagnosis (ClinDx) groups relevant to occupational safety and health. The ClinDx groups are necessary for analysis and interpretation of longitudinal health data that include injury and disease codes from the Ninth and Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Disease, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM, ICD-10-CM).

Methods: Claims data were analyzed for Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation insured employers from 2011 to 2018.

Evaluating the structural, financial, and legal aspects of hospital-based violence intervention programs implementation on psychosocial outcomes and violence reduction: A systematic review.

Background: This systematic review aims to assess different effective hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIP) design strategies and their effects on reducing the incidence of violence-related injuries, impact on healthcare outcomes including behavioral and psychosocial outcomes, and effects on healthcare system costs.

Methods: A comprehensive search of five databases included studies that assessed the effects of HVIPs in adolescent and adult populations. The outcomes of interest included different effective HVIP design strategies that most effectively decreased the incidence of violence-related injuries, as well as their effects on behavior and psychosocial outcomes, effects on hospital costs, and whether they adequately addressed medico-legal aspects.

Gender-Based Analysis of Injury Types and Risk Factors in Professional Tennis Players - Insights for Prevention: A Concise Review.

Background: Tennis is a globally popular sport offering physical benefits but poses a high risk of injury due to its demands and prolonged gameplay. While injuries are common among professional players, detailed injury data for this group is limited.

Objective: This review aims to analyze trends in the incidence, type, region, and onset of injuries in professional tennis players, with particular attention to gender distribution, to improve guidelines and reduce injury impacts on performance and career longevity.

Clinical Outcomes Following Component Therapy Only Versus Whole Blood Plus Component Versus Whole Blood Only in Geriatric Trauma Patients With Isolated Chest or Abdominal Injuries With or Without Traumatic Brain Injury.

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate clinical outcomes in geriatric trauma patients with isolated chest or abdominal injuries with or without traumatic brain injury (TBI) receiving whole blood (WB), component (COMP), or WB and component therapy (WB + COMP).

Methods: This retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program Participant Use File dataset from 2017 to 2021 evaluated geriatric (age ≥65) trauma patients with moderate-to-severe isolated chest (abbreviated injury scale (AIS) chest ≥2) or abdominal (AIS abdomen ≥2) injuries with or without TBI (AIS head ≥2) receiving WB, COMP, or WB + COMP. Outcomes included emergency department and 24-h mortality, blood product volume (mL) at 4 hs, and intensive care unit-length of stay.

Does high perceived stress over the past month alter cortisol reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test?

Background: Theories highlight the important role of chronic stress in remodeling HPA-axis responsivity under stress. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is one of the most widely used measures of enduring stress perceptions, and no previous studies have evaluated whether greater perceptions of stress on the PSS are associated with cortisol hypo- or hyperactivity responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).

Objective: To examine if high perceived stress over the past month, as measured by the PSS, alters cortisol and subjective acute stress reactivity to the TSST in healthy young adults.

Mechanisms Linking Social Media Use and Sleep in Emerging Adults in the United States.

Social media use is associated with poor sleep outcomes. We aimed to extend previous research by examining how measures of social media use would affect two sleep characteristics: sleep quality and insomnia symptoms. In addition, we tested a serial mediation model linking social media use to sleep through increases in negative social comparison and pre-sleep cognitive arousal.

The Impact of Age and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs on COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among United States Adults.

This observational study examined the relationships between age, vaccine conspiracy beliefs, and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in emerging adults (ages 20-30) and middle-aged adults (ages 50-60) residing in the United States. It also examined sociodemographic predictors of vaccine conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 vaccine uptake-political conservativism, household income, and educational attainment. We recruited 198 emerging adults and 198 middle-aged adults to complete an online survey assessing vaccine conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 vaccination status.

iPSC-induced neurons with the V337M MAPT mutation are selectively vulnerable to caspase-mediated cleavage of tau and apoptotic cell death.

Background: Tau post-translational modifications (PTMs) result in the gradual build-up of abnormal tau and neuronal degeneration in tauopathies, encompassing variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau proteolytically cleaved by active caspases, including caspase-6, may be neurotoxic and prone to self-aggregation. Also, our recent findings show that caspase-6 truncated tau represents a frequent and understudied aspect of tau pathology in AD in addition to phospho-tau pathology.

Impact of Trauma Center Type on Outcomes in Pediatric Population Following Severe Isolated Blunt Traumatic Brain Injuries: A National Analysis.

IntroductionThis study aims to evaluate the association between trauma center type, verification level, and clinical outcomes in pediatric trauma patients with moderate and severe isolated blunt traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study utilizing the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Trauma Quality Program (TQP) Participant Use File (PUF) database from 2017 to 2021. Severely injured pediatric (<18 years) trauma patients with isolated moderate and severe TBI (AIS head >2, all other body regions <3) were included.

Clinical Outcomes of Splenic Artery Embolization Versus Splenectomy in the Management of Hemodynamically Stable High-Grade Blunt Splenic Injuries: A National Analysis.

Introduction: This study aims to compare the outcomes of splenic artery embolization (SAE) versus splenectomy in adult trauma patients with high-grade blunt splenic injuries.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database (2017-2021) compared SAE versus splenectomy in adults with blunt high-grade splenic injuries (grade ≥ IV). Patients were stratified first by hemodynamic status then splenic injury grade.

National Analysis of Outcomes for Adult Trauma Patients With Isolated Severe Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury Following Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis.

Introduction: We aim to evaluate the association of early versus late venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis on in-hospital mortality among patients with severe blunt isolated traumatic brain injuries.

Methods: Data from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Program Participant Use File for 2017-2021 were analyzed. The target population included adult trauma patients with severe isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Bidirectional Associations Between Loneliness, Emotional Support, and Sleep in Daily Life.

Objective: Evidence suggests a link between positive social relationship perceptions and improved sleep (e.g., quality, efficiency) across the life span.

Longitudinal associations of social support, everyday social interactions, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main effect models contend that perceived social support benefits mental health in the presence and the absence of stressful events, whereas stress-buffering models contend that perceived social support benefits mental health especially when individuals are facing stressful events. We tested these models of how perceived social support impacts mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated whether characteristics of everyday social interactions statistically mediated this association - namely, (a) received support, the visible and deliberate assistance provided by others, and (b) pleasantness, the extent to which an interaction is positive, flows easily, and leads individuals to feel understood and validated. 591 United States adults completed a 3-week ecological momentary assessment protocol sampling characteristics of their everyday social interactions that was used to evaluate between-person average values and within-person daily fluctuations in everyday social interaction characteristics.