Publisher Correction: Genetic variation affects binge feeding behavior in female inbred mouse strains.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Genetic variation affects binge feeding behavior in female inbred mouse strains.

Identifying genetic variants that regulate binge eating (BE) is critical for understanding the factors that control this behavior and for the development of pharmacological treatment strategies. Although several studies have revealed specific genes capable of affecting BE behavior, less is known about how genetic variation modulates BE. Thus, through a paradigm that promoted binge-like food intake through intermittent access to high calorie diet (HCD), we quantified food-intake in four inbred mouse strains: C57Bl/6J (B6), NOD/LtJ (NOD), 129S1/SvlmJ (S1), and A/J (AJ).

The anorexigenic effect of neuropeptide K in chicks involves the paraventricular nucleus and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Neuropeptide K (NPK) induces satiety in birds and mammals. We demonstrated that in birds this effect was associated with the hypothalamus, but beyond this little is known in any species regarding the central mechanism of action. Thus, this study was designed to identify hypothalamic molecular mechanisms associated with the food intake-inhibiting effects of NPK in chicks.

VIPergic neurons of the infralimbic and prelimbic cortices control palatable food intake through separate cognitive pathways.

The prefrontal cortex controls food reward seeking and ingestion, playing important roles in directing attention, regulating motivation towards reward pursuit, and the assignment of reward salience and value. The cell types that mediate these behavioral functions, however, are not well described. We report here that optogenetic activation of vasoactive peptide expressing (VIP) interneurons in both the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) divisions of the medial prefrontal cortex in mice is sufficient to reduce acute, binge-like intake of high calorie palatable food in the absence of any effect on low calorie rodent chow intake in the sated animal.

Activation of murine pre-proglucagon-producing neurons reduces food intake and body weight.

Peptides derived from pre-proglucagon (GCG peptides) act in both the periphery and the CNS to change food intake, glucose homeostasis, and metabolic rate while playing a role in anxiety behaviors and physiological responses to stress. Although the actions of GCG peptides produced in the gut and pancreas are well described, the role of glutamatergic GGC peptide-secreting hindbrain neurons in regulating metabolic homeostasis has not been investigated. Here, we have shown that chemogenetic stimulation of GCG-producing neurons reduces metabolic rate and food intake in fed and fasted states and suppresses glucose production without an effect on glucose uptake.

Activation of Pyramidal Neurons in Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex Enhances Food-Seeking Behavior While Reducing Impulsivity in the Absence of an Effect on Food Intake.

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in a wide range of executive cognitive functions, including reward evaluation, decision-making, memory extinction, mood, and task switching. Manipulation of the mPFC has been shown to alter food intake and food reward valuation, but whether exclusive stimulation of mPFC pyramidal neurons (PN), which form the principle output of the mPFC, is sufficient to mediate food rewarded instrumental behavior is unknown. We sought to determine the behavioral consequences of manipulating mPFC output by exciting PN in mouse mPFC during performance of a panel of behavioral assays, focusing on food reward.

Substance P is associated with hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus activation that coincides with increased urotensin 2 mRNA in chicks.

Exogenous administration of substance P (SP) exerts anorexigenic effects in both chicks and rats, but the central mechanism mediating this response is poorly understood. Therefore, this study was designed to elucidate mechanisms of SP-induced anorexia using chicks as models. Chicks that received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of SP dose-dependably reduced their food intake with no effect on water intake.

Anorexigenic effects of central adrenomedullin are associated with hypothalamic changes in juvenile Gallus gallus.

Adrenomedullin (AM), a 52 residue neuropeptide, is associated with anorexia in mammals and has a poorly understood central mechanism of action. Thus, this study focused on elucidating AM's central mechanism of action in an alternative vertebrate model, the chick (Gallus gallus). In Experiment 1, chicks centrally injected with AM dose-dependently reduced food but not water intake.

Stimulation of food intake after central galanin is associated with arcuate nucleus activation and does not differ between genetically selected low and high body weight lines of chickens.

Galanin, a 29 residue peptide found in the hypothalamus, causes orexigenic effects in a variety of species. In the present study, we investigated appetite-associated effects of galanin in chicks from lines which have been selected from a common founder population for either low or high body weight. The low line consists of some anorexic individuals and there are obese individuals in the high line.

The orexigenic effect of kyotorphin in chicks involves hypothalamus and brainstem activity and opioid receptors.

Kyotorphin (KTP), first isolated in the bovine brain and now having been identified in a variety of species, is known most extensively for its analgesic-like properties. KTP indirectly stimulates opioid receptors by releasing methionine enkephalin (met-enkephalin). Stimulation of opioid receptors is linked to hunger perception.

Neuropeptide Y is associated with changes in appetite-associated hypothalamic nuclei but not food intake in a hypophagic avian model.

While neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been studied extensively per its pronounced role in food intake stimulation as well as its role in central pathways governing eating disorders, it has to our knowledge not been studied in polygenic models of hypo- and hyperphagia. Thus, the present study was designed to measure central NPY-associated food intake in lines of chickens that have undergone long-term genetic selection for low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight and exhibit hypo- and hyperphagia, respectively. LWS chicks did not respond with any magnitude of altered food intake to any dose of NPY tested, while HWS chicks responded to all doses of NPY at similar magnitudes throughout the duration of observation.

Neuropeptide AF is associated with short-term reduced food intake in rats.

Neuropeptide AF (NPAF), a member of the RFamide family, was centrally administered to rats to determine its effect on food intake. Rats responded with a linear dose-dependent reduction in cumulative food intake up to 3 h post injection, but when analyzed on a noncumulative basis, food intake was only significantly reduced at 0.5 h.

Both calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides' thresholds of hypophagia are considerably lower in chicks selected for high rather than low juvenile body weight.

Effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on food and water intake were measured in two lines of White Plymouth Rock chickens from a common base population that have undergone long-term divergent selection for either low (LWS) or high (HWS) juvenile body weight. These lines contain anorexic and obese individuals and serve as models for hypo- and hyperphagia. For both ICV injection of CT and CGRP, line HWS responded to a lower dose with decreased food intake than did line LWS.

Gamma(2)-melanocyte stimulating hormone decreases food intake in chicks.

The role of gamma melanocyte stimulating hormone (gamma-MSH) in appetite regulation is controversial in mammals and to our knowledge unreported within the avian class. Thus, the present study was designed to determine the effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.

Neuropeptide SF is associated with reduced food intake in chicks.

To our knowledge appetite-associated effects of neuropeptide SF (NPSF) are unreported. Thus chicks were intracerebroventricularly injected with 3.8, 7.