Evaluation of a health promotion program based on Community-based Participatory Research for older adults at risk for metabolic syndrome: a mixed methods study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a health promotion program developed using Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) for older adults at risk for developing metabolic syndrome in rural areas of South korea.

Methods: The methodology of this study is a mixed method using embedded design. A non-random controlled trial (28 in the experimental group and 36 in the control group) for the quantitative study and a qualitative content analysis for the qualitative study were used.

Ruthenium-mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen in benzene.

The direct functionalization of unactivated hydrocarbons remains a significant challenge in modern chemistry. In this study, we demonstrate that a simple ruthenium complex featuring a chelating PN ligand can mediate the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (SArH) in benzene. Key intermediates were kinetically trapped in low-temperature NMR experiments, providing crucial insights into the reaction mechanism.

Trial-by-trial ERP-behavior relationships in psychosis: Between- and within-person variability in performance monitoring adjustments.

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, characterized by deficits in performance monitoring, predicts clinical and functional outcomes. The error-related negativity (ERN), a neurophysiological index of error detection, is reduced in psychosis, but it is unclear why this impaired error detection is not closely linked to behavioral adjustments. A possibility is that research has overrelied on examining between-person relationships of average ERN and behavior, rather than focusing on within-person, trial-by-trial changes.

Relationship of urinary bisphenol A in childhood on thyroid hormone function in adolescents: a cohort study.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a type of endocrine-disrupting chemical utilized in the production of plastics like epoxy resins and polycarbonate polymers. BPA exhibits weak estrogenic and potent anti-androgenic effects, and prior research has linked it to disturbances in thyroid function. This study aims to assess the potential association between early childhood exposure to urinary bisphenol A and thyroid hormone levels in pubertal children from Korea.

Psychometric Reliability of ERN and Pe Across Flanker, Stroop, and Go/No-Go Tasks: A Direct and Conceptual Replication.

The effectiveness of error-related negativity (ERN) in assessing individual differences hinges on its psychometric reliability. Despite evidence that the task used to record ERN moderates internal consistency, this moderation is rarely examined within the same sample, risking inaccurate generalizations of psychometrics. A direct and conceptual replication of Meyer et al.

Longitudinal assessment of smoking-related knowledge, attitude, and practice for cancer prevention: an analysis of data from the Korean National Cancer Prevention Awareness and Practice Survey.

Background: This study examined the influence of knowledge and attitudes on smoking cessation behaviors among Koreans-including both individuals who have quit smoking and those who continue to smoke-using an extended KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) model.

Methods: Data for this study were drawn from the Korean National Cancer Prevention Awareness and Practice Survey conducted between 2014 and 2023, encompassing 12,400 participants. After excluding responses lacking data on KAP questions and individuals who had never smoked, the final analytic sample comprised 4,794 participants.

Neural dynamics of social anxiety during and after anxiety-provoking and relaxation-inducing: A task and resting-state fMRI study.

Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is marked by intense fear of social situations and negative evaluation. This study investigated neural effects of SAD-specific imagery scripts and their relationships with Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE).

Methods: Thirty-six SAD and 32 healthy controls underwent four five-minute fMRI runs: anxiety-provoking imagery, rest, relaxing imagery, and rest.

Patterns of Medical Utilization in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Life-Limiting Conditions in Korea: A Cohort Study Based on National Health Insurance Data.

Background: Children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYAs) with severe illnesses require intensive treatment, often relying on medical devices and advanced medical services. Modern medical technology has improved the lifespans of these patients. In addition, CAYAs represent a vulnerable group, resulting in a significant caregiving burden on the entire family.

Impact of ERP Reliability Cutoffs on Sample Characteristics and Effect Sizes: Performance-Monitoring ERPs in Psychosis and Healthy Controls.

In studies of event-related brain potentials (ERPs), it is common practice to exclude participants for having too few trials for analysis to ensure adequate score reliability (i.e., internal consistency).

Gender differences in awareness and practices of cancer prevention recommendations in Korea: a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: Gender is a major determinant of health behaviors that influences cancer prevention awareness and practices. This study investigated the relationship of the awareness and practice rates of cancer prevention recommendations with gender and socioeconomic status.

Methods: We used data from the Korean National Cancer Prevention Awareness and Practice Survey (2023).

Task-specific relationships between error-related ERPs and behavior: Flanker, Stroop, and Go/Nogo tasks.

Performance monitoring has been widely studied during different forced-choice response tasks. Participants typically show longer response times (RTs) and increased accuracy following errors, but there are inconsistencies regarding the connection between error-related event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and behavior, such as RT and accuracy. The specific task in any given study could contribute to these inconsistencies, as different tasks may require distinct cognitive processes that impact ERP-behavior relationships.

Decreased aggressive care at the end of life among advanced cancer patients in the Republic of Korea: a nationwide study from 2012 to 2018.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the trends of aggressive care at the end-of-life (EoL) for patients with advanced cancer in Korea and to identify factors affecting such care analyzing nationwide data between 2012 to 2018.

Methods: This was a population-based, retrospective nationwide study. We used administrative data from the National Health Insurance Service and the Korea Central Cancer Registry to analyze 125,350 patients aged 20 years and above who died within one year of a stage IV cancer diagnosis between 2012 and 2018.

Examining the experiences of mid-career nurses in hospitals: a phenomenological study.

Background: The turnover of new and mid-career nurses has been increasing, leading to challenges in recruiting and retaining nursing staff.

Objectives: Securing and retaining mid-career nurses is crucial for ensuring high-quality care. However, little is known about mid-career nurses' experiences regarding turnover.

Association between endocrine-disrupting chemical mixtures and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic syndrome as a mediator among adults: A population-based study in Korea.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may play a role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, studies on the combined effects of EDC mixtures on NAFLD development are limited. Here, we explored the association between exposure to EDC mixtures and NAFLD and investigated the potential mediating role of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We included participants from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 4 (2018-2020) and quantified the urinary concentrations of various EDCs-eight phthalate metabolites, three phenols, one antibacterial compound, four parabens, four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and one pyrethroid pesticide metabolite-as well as serum concentrations of five perfluorinated compounds (PFCs).

Enantioselective Aziridination of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes Using a Planar Chiral Rh(III) Indenyl Catalyst.

Chiral aziridines are important structural motifs found in natural products and various target molecules. They serve as versatile building blocks for the synthesis of chiral amines. While advances in catalyst design have enabled robust methods for enantioselective aziridination of activated olefins, simple and abundant alkyl-substituted olefins pose a significant challenge.

Registered replication report of the construct validity of the error-related negativity (ERN): A multi-site study of task-specific ERN correlations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Intact cognitive control is critical for goal-directed behavior and is widely studied using the error-related negativity (ERN). A common assumption in such studies is that ERNs recorded during different experimental paradigms reflect the same construct or functionally equivalent processes and that ERN is functionally distinct from other error-monitoring event-related brain potentials (ERPs; error positivity [Pe]), other neurophysiological indices of cognitive control (N2), and even other theoretically unrelated indices (visual N1). The present registered report represents a replication-plus-extension study of the psychometric validity of cognitive control ERPs and evaluated the convergent and divergent validity of ERN, Pe, N2, and visual N1 recorded during flanker, Stroop, and Go/no-go tasks.

Photo- and Metal-Mediated Deconstructive Approaches to Cyclic Aliphatic Amine Diversification.

Described herein are studies toward the core modification of cyclic aliphatic amines using either a riboflavin/photo-irradiation approach or Cu(I) and Ag(I) to mediate the process. Structural remodeling of cyclic amines is explored through oxidative C-N and C-C bond cleavage using peroxydisulfate (persulfate) as an oxidant. Ring-opening reactions to access linear aldehydes or carboxylic acids with flavin-derived photocatalysis or Cu salts, respectively, are demonstrated.

Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Pauson-Khand Reactions of 1,6-Chloroenynes with 1,1-Disubstituted Olefins.

An enantioselective rhodium(I)-catalyzed Pauson-Khand reaction (PKR) using 1,6-chloroenynes that contain challenging 1,1-disubstituted olefins is described. In contrast to the previous studies with these types of substrates, which are only suitable for a single type of tether and alkyne substituent, the new approach results in a more expansive substrate scope, including carbon and heteroatom tethers with polar and non-polar substituents on the alkene. DFT calculations provide critical insight into the role of the halide, which pre-polarizes the alkyne to lower the barrier for metallacycle formation and provides the proper steric profile to promote a favorable enantiodetermining interaction between substrate and chiral diphosphine ligand.

Calculating the optimal number of nurses based on nursing intensity by patient classification groups in general units in South Korea: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: This study aimed to calculate the total daily nursing workload and the optimal number of nurses per general unit based on the nursing intensity.

Design: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional study.

Methods: Three units at one general hospital were investigated.

Exposure to serum perfluoroalkyl substances and biomarkers of liver function: The Korean national environmental health survey 2015-2017.

Background: Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may increase the risk of liver disease by disrupting cholesterol and lipid synthesis/metabolism, leading to higher liver-enzyme concentrations. However, most studies assessing association between PFAS and liver enzymes focused on individual PFAS. Moreover, PFAS concentrations differ based on sex and obesity status, and it remains unclear whether these factors affect associations with liver function.

Changes in the treatment rate of patients newly diagnosed with stage IV cancer near the end of life from 2012 to 2017 in Korea.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the cancer treatment rate among patients newly diagnosed with stage IV cancer using socio-demographic and clinical subgroups in a nationwide cohort of Korean patients.

Methods: This retrospective, national-level study used the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR), which is linked to the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database, from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017. The records of patients newly diagnosed with stage IV of the 5 cancers with the highest cancer-related mortality rate were identified to analyze changes in the treatment rate.

A scoping review key elements and effects of cardiovascular disease management programs based on community-based participatory research.

Background: This scoping review analyses the literature on community-based participatory research (CBPR)-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) management programmes, examining the key elements of their development and implementation and exploring their effectiveness.

Methods: This scoping review's methodology had six stages: 1) identifying the research question; 2) identifying relevant studies-search strategy; 3) study selection; 4) charting the data; 5) collating, summarising, and reporting the results; and 6) consultation exercise. The databases used were PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL, for the period from 4 March to 3 April 2022.

BMI trajectory and inflammatory effects on metabolic syndrome in adolescents.

Background: Various life course factors can affect susceptibility to diseases during adolescence and adulthood, and those relationships are complex. However, few studies have assessed the potential mediating factors. Therefore, we assessed the mediating effects of factors related to growth and inflammation between perinatal factors and metabolic syndrome risk during adolescence.