Complementary Predictors for Asthma Attack Prediction in Children: Salivary Microbiome, Serum Inflammatory Mediators, and Past Attack History.

Background: Early identification of children at risk of asthma attacks is important for optimizing treatment strategies. We aimed to integrate salivary microbiome and serum inflammatory mediator profiles with asthma attacks history to develop a comprehensive predictive model for future attacks.

Methods: This study contained a discovery (SysPharmPediA) and a replication phase (U-BIOPRED).

Maternal and child FUT2 secretor status affect gastroenteritis risk and gut microbiota composition in early life.

Objectives: To investigate associations between maternal and child secretor status and early-life gastroenteritis risk, considering the roles of gut microbiota, breastfeeding, and daycare attendance.

Methods: In the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 cohort (n = 700), parents recorded gastroenteritis episodes during the first 3 years of life. Secretor status, rs601338 in the FUT2 gene, was genotyped in both parents and children.

Type 2-high airway inflammation in childhood asthma distinguishes a more severe phenotype.

Background: It remains unclear whether phenotyping of type 2-high (T2-high) asthma can distinguish clinical characteristics and lung function trajectories in childhood.

Objective: To explore differences between T2-high and T2-low asthma from birth to age 18 years.

Methods: We included 47 children with asthma and 165 as a control group from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood mother-child cohort.

Pharmacokinetic modeling of prenatal vitamin D exposure and the impact on offspring asthma and pulmonary function.

Gestational 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is important in fetal lung development and may influence offspring respiratory outcomes, making accurate exposure assessment essential to understand clinical associations. Therefore, we used the combined data from two large RCTs investigating prenatal vitamin D supplementation, which included early and late prenatal 25(OH)D measurements, to refine a population pharmacokinetic model of vitamin D-25(OH)D and estimate individual area under the curve (AUC) Z-scores. The primary outcome was physician-diagnosed offspring asthma/wheezing at ages 3 and 6 years, and lung function, as a secondary outcome, was evaluated by spirometry at the ages 6 and 8 years.

Asthma development is associated with low mucosal IL-10 during viral infections in early life.

Background: Viral infection is a common trigger of severe respiratory illnesses in early life and a risk factor for later asthma development. The mechanism leading to asthma could involve an aberrant airway immune response to viral infections, but this has rarely been studied in a human setting.

Objectives: To investigate in situ virus-specific differences in upper airway immune mediator levels during viral episodes of respiratory illnesses and the association with later asthma.

Preventive effects of prenatal administration of OM-85/BV on asthma and respiratory infection risk in the offspring: A review of animal models.

Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood affecting the daily lives of many patients despite current treatment regimens. Therefore, the need for new therapeutic approaches is evident, where a primary prevention strategy is the ultimate goal. Studies of children born to mothers in farming environments have shown a lower risk of respiratory infections and asthma development.

Burden and Subtypes of Early Life Infections Increase the Risk of Asthma.

Background: Early life respiratory tract infections have been linked to the development of asthma, but studies on the burden and subtypes of common infections in asthma development are sparse.

Objective: To examine the association between burden of early life infections, including subtypes, with the risk of asthma from age 3 to 10 years and lung function at age 10 years.

Methods: We included 662 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 birth cohort, for whom infections such as colds, acute tonsillitis, acute otitis media, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, and fever were registered prospectively in daily diaries at age 0 to 3 years and asthma was diagnosed longitudinally from age 3 to 10 years.

Key risk factors of asthma-like symptoms are mediated through infection burden in early childhood.

Background: Risk factors of asthma-like symptoms in childhood may act through an increased infection burden because infections often trigger these symptoms.

Objective: We sought to investigate whether the effect of established risk factors of asthma-like episodes in early childhood is mediated through burden and subtypes of common infections.

Methods: The study included 662 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 mother-child cohort, in which infections were registered prospectively in daily diaries from age 0 to 3 years.

Asthma medication and risk of dental diseases in children - A prospective cohort study.

Background: Dental caries and enamel defects are the main causes of poor dental health in children, with a substantial impact on their well-being. Use of inhaled asthma medication is a suspected risk factor, but there is a lack of prospective studies investigating this and other prenatal and early life risk factors.

Methods: Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 mother-child cohort (COPSAC ) consists of 700 women who were recruited at 24 weeks of pregnancy.

Elevated third trimester corticosteroid levels are associated with fewer offspring infections.

Respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in early life, and recurrent infections increase the risk of developing chronic diseases. The maternal environment during pregnancy can impact offspring health, but the factors leading to increased infection proneness have not been well characterized during this period. Steroids have been implicated in respiratory health outcomes and may similarly influence infection susceptibility.

The Impact of Baseline 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Gestational Age on Prenatal Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Offspring Asthma or Recurrent Wheezing.

Background: Prenatal vitamin D deficiency is associated with asthma or recurrent wheezing in offspring. However, evidence from randomized trials on the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation is inconclusive.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the differential efficacy of prenatal vitamin D supplementation based on the maternal baseline vitamin D status and the starting time of supplementation to prevent early life asthma or recurrent wheezing.

Risk Factors and Age-Related Patterns of Asthma-Like Symptoms in Early Childhood.

Background: Episodes of asthma-like symptoms in young children are common, but little is known about risk factors and their patterns for the daily symptom burden.

Objective: We investigated a variety of possible risk factors and their age-related impact on the number of asthma-like episodes during age 0 to 3 years.

Methods: The study population included 700 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood mother-child cohort followed prospectively from birth.

Outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials for mixed and non-IgE-mediated food allergy: Systematic review.

Background: Mixed and non-IgE-mediated food allergy is a subset of immune-mediated adverse food reactions that can impose a major burden on the quality of life of affected patients and their families. Clinical trials to study these diseases are reliant upon consistent and valid outcome measures that are relevant to both patients and clinicians, but the degree to which such stringent outcome reporting takes place is poorly studied.

Objective: As part of the Core Outcome Measures for Food Allergy (COMFA) project, we identified outcomes reported in randomized clinical trials (RCT) of treatments for mixed or non-IgE-mediated food allergy.

Childhood asthma is associated with development of type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel diseases: a Danish nationwide registry study.

Asthma and autoimmune disorders might be affected by opposing immune mechanisms, T helper cells type 2 (Th2) and T helper cells type 1 (Th1) immunity, respectively. Knowledge on comorbidity can increase understanding of the underlying etiologies. We aim to examine the association between childhood asthma and subsequent risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in Danish children.

Reduced Steroid Metabolites Identify Infection-Prone Children in Two Independent Pre-Birth Cohorts.

Recurrent respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in early life, but there is no broadly accepted means to identify infection-prone children during this highly vulnerable period. In this study, we investigated associations between steroid metabolites and incident respiratory infections in two pre-birth cohorts to identify novel metabolomic signatures of early infection proneness. Children from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial and the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood were included, and profiling was performed on plasma samples collected at ages 1 and 6 years.

Fish Oil and Vitamin D Supplementations in Pregnancy Protect Against Childhood Croup.

Background: Croup is a prevalent respiratory disorder in early childhood most often caused by parainfluenza virus infections. There are no preventive strategies; therefore, we investigated the potential effects of prenatal micronutrient supplementations.

Objective: To investigate the supplementation effects of (1) 2.

The developing airway and gut microbiota in early life is influenced by age of older siblings.

Background: Growing up with siblings has been linked to numerous health outcomes and is also an important determinant for the developing microbiota. Nonetheless, research into the role of having siblings on the developing microbiota has mainly been incidental.

Results: Here, we investigate the specific effects of having siblings on the developing airway and gut microbiota using a total of 4497 hypopharyngeal and fecal samples taken from 686 children in the COPSAC cohort, starting at 1 week of age and continuing until 6 years of age.

Safety of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Among Children Aged 0 to 6 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Several health benefits of vitamin D have been suggested; however, the safety of high-dose supplementation in early childhood is not well described.

Objective: To systematically assess the risk of adverse events after high-dose supplementation with vitamin D reported in published randomized clinical trials.

Data Sources: PubMed and ClinicalTrials.