A scoping review on the possible immunometabolic properties of the furan fatty acid metabolite 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid.

Circulating levels of 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF), a metabolite derived from dietary furan fatty acids primarily found in marine food sources, have long been recognized as biomarkers for fish intake. However, elevated CMPF levels are also observed in patients with type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease and in healthy people associated with a reduced infection risk, suggesting potential bioactive roles in metabolism and immune function. Yet, the possible causal mechanisms behind these associations are unknown.

Effect of prenatal high-dose vitamin D on childhood atopic dermatitis is modified by maternal cotinine metabolome: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Tobacco exposure has been shown to modulate the effect of vitamin D on the risk of atopic diseases. However, randomized clinical trials investigating potential effect modification between tobacco exposure and vitamin D supplementation on atopic disease risk are lacking.

Objective: We sought to investigate the potential effect modification from maternal tobacco exposure on the effect of prenatal high-dose vitamin D supplementation on risk of child atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR).

Complementary Predictors for Asthma Attack Prediction in Children: Salivary Microbiome, Serum Inflammatory Mediators, and Past Attack History.

Background: Early identification of children at risk of asthma attacks is important for optimizing treatment strategies. We aimed to integrate salivary microbiome and serum inflammatory mediator profiles with asthma attacks history to develop a comprehensive predictive model for future attacks.

Methods: This study contained a discovery (SysPharmPediA) and a replication phase (U-BIOPRED).

The Real-Life Impact of Implementing Diagnostic Guidelines for Children and Adolescents With Asthma.

Background: There is no gold-standard for diagnosing asthma in children. This study aimed to investigate the real-life impact on disease progression and adherence by applying diagnostic criteria from international guidelines.

Methods: One hundred and fifteen children with pediatrician-diagnosed asthma aged 5-17 years were followed for 5 years in a pediatric asthma clinic.

Genetic characterization of preschool wheeze phenotypes.

Rationale: Preschool wheeze is a heterogenous and poorly understood clinical syndrome. As a result, current treatments are insufficient, and prevention is not possible.

Objectives: To increase understanding of the genetic susceptibility and underlying disease mechanisms of wheeze phenotypes in early childhood through large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses.

Screen Time Is Associated With Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Childhood and Adolescence.

Background: Screen time in children and adolescents may be linked to cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk.

Methods: We analyzed data from >1000 participants in the COPSAC2010 and COPSAC2000 (Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood) mother-child 2000 and 2010 cohorts. Discretionary screen time, reported by parents or self, was assessed in relation to a composite cardiometabolic risk score based on scores of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose.

Risk behaviours and non-atopic comorbidities of adolescents with asthma.

Background: Risk behaviours, obesity, and neuropsychiatric comorbidity have been demonstrated in various chronic diseases but are less well described among adolescents with asthma.

Methods: We clinically assessed asthma status at the 18-year follow-up visit of the Danish Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) birth cohort born to mothers with asthma, and we investigated risk behaviours and non-atopic comorbidities. We included obesity and neuropsychiatric diseases captured from medical records and electronic questionnaires on behavioural traits and psychopathology.

Genetic risk for adult obstructive lung function and its early life associations.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may partly originate in early life under influence from prenatal or early postnatal risk factors, including genetic predisposition.

Objectives: We investigated the extent to which the genetic predisposition to adult obstructive lung function manifests already at birth and throughout childhood in terms of impaired lung function, bronchial responsiveness, and asthma-related symptoms.

Methods: We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for adult obstructive lung function (FEV/forced vital capacity [FVC]) and associated it with neonatal and childhood lung function, bronchial responsiveness, asthma, and respiratory tract infections in the COPSAC (Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood) birth cohorts, and with hospitalization for wheeze, asthma, and infections in 114,283 unrelated individuals from the The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiactric Research (iPSYCH) cohort.

Air pollution-induced proteomic alterations increase the risk of child respiratory infections.

Early life air pollution exposure may play a role in development of respiratory infections, but underlying mechanisms are still not understood. We utilized data from two independent prospective birth cohorts to investigate the influence of prenatal and postnatal ambient air pollution exposure of PM, PM and NO on maternal and child proteomic profiles and the risk of daily diary-registered common infections age 0-3 years in the Danish COPSAC (n = 613) and pneumonia, croup and bronchitis age 1-2 years in the Swedish EMIL (n = 101). A supervised sparse partial least square model generated proteomic fingerprints of air pollution analyzed against infection outcomes using Quasi-Poisson and logistic regression models, respectively.

Use of antibiotics in early life and development of diseases in childhood: nationwide registry study.

Objective: To investigate the association between the use of antibiotics in early life and the development of immune mediated diseases in children and adolescents.

Design: Nationwide registry study.

Setting: National Danish registries: Danish Civil Registration System identified children born in Denmark; information on the use of antibiotics from the Danish National Prescription Registry; disease outcomes from the Danish National Prescription Registry and the Danish National Patient Registry; and relevant covariates from the Danish Medical Birth Register and the Employment Classification Module.

The influence of early life exposures on the infant gut virome.

The factors influencing the establishment of the gut bacterial community in early life are fairly well studied. However, the factors shaping the infant gut virome remain elusive. Interestingly, early life gut virome imbalances have recently been linked with increased risk of developing diseases like type 1 diabetes and asthma.

Maternal and child FUT2 secretor status affect gastroenteritis risk and gut microbiota composition in early life.

Objectives: To investigate associations between maternal and child secretor status and early-life gastroenteritis risk, considering the roles of gut microbiota, breastfeeding, and daycare attendance.

Methods: In the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 cohort (n = 700), parents recorded gastroenteritis episodes during the first 3 years of life. Secretor status, rs601338 in the FUT2 gene, was genotyped in both parents and children.

Maternal interleukin 6 in pregnancy is associated with executive functioning in 10-year-old children.

Background: Elevated maternal interleukin 6 (IL-6) during pregnancy has been associated with adverse fetal brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders, which often involve executive functioning (EF) impairments. However, the association between maternal IL-6 levels during pregnancy and EF remains largely unexplored.

Methods: The COPSYCH study is based on the prospective COPSAC2010 birth cohort of 700 mother-child pairs, recruited during pregnancy.

Maternal dietary patterns, breastfeeding duration, and their association with child cognitive function and head circumference growth: A prospective mother-child cohort study.

Background: Early life is a critical period for neurodevelopment, where factors such as maternal nutrition and breastfeeding duration significantly impact the growth of head circumference and cognitive development in children. Our study aimed to explore the associations between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy, duration of breastfeeding, and their impacts on child head circumference and cognitive outcomes.

Methods And Findings: Our study utilised data from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 cohort, which enrolled 700 mother-child pairs between 2008 and 2010 with 86% clinical follow-up at age 10.

Associations of the gut microbiome and inflammatory markers with mental health symptoms: a cross-sectional study on Danish adolescents.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that often persists into adulthood and is accompanied by comorbid mental health problems. This cross-sectional cohort study analyzed 411 18-year-olds from the Danish COPSAC birth cohort to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome, fasting and postprandial systemic inflammation, ADHD symptoms, and symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression. ADHD was assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), while depression, stress, and anxiety were evaluated with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21).

Short-term efficacy of inhaled short-acting beta-2-agonists for acute wheeze/asthma symptoms in preschool-aged children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Inhaled short-acting β2-agonists (SABA) is recognised as an effective treatment in adults and older children with asthma, but the effect in young children and infants is still up for debate. We examine the efficacy of inhaled SABA for preschool-aged children presenting with acute wheeze/asthma in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched through August 2024.

Prophages in the infant gut are pervasively induced and may modulate the functionality of their hosts.

Gut microbiome (GM) composition and function is pivotal for human health and disease, of which the virome's importance is increasingly recognised. However, prophages and their induction patterns in the infant gut remain understudied. Here, we identified 10645 putative prophages in 662 metagenomes from 1-year-old children in the COPSAC2010 mother-child cohort and investigated their potential functions.

Maternal Inflammatory Proteins in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Age 10 Years.

Importance: Maternal inflammation during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism, and cognitive deficits in early childhood. However, little is known about the contributions of a wider range of inflammatory proteins to this risk.

Objective: To determine whether maternal inflammatory proteins during pregnancy are associated with the risk of NDDs and executive functions (EF) in middle childhood and to identify protein patterns associated with NDDs and EF.

A western dietary pattern during pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence.

Despite the high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, the influence of maternal diet during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment remains understudied. Here we show that a western dietary pattern during pregnancy is associated with child neurodevelopmental disorders. We analyse self-reported maternal dietary patterns at 24 weeks of pregnancy and clinically evaluated neurodevelopmental disorders at 10 years of age in the COPSAC2010 cohort (n = 508).

Neurodevelopment within the first three years of life does not predict psychotic experiences at age 10: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Early childhood developmental delays and lower cognitive and motor function have been found to be related to psychotic experiences (PE) in middle childhood. These findings suggest a neurodevelopmental pathway to PE in childhood. This study examined if prospectively assessed neurodevelopment in infancy from birth to age 3 predicted PE at age 10.

Type 2-high airway inflammation in childhood asthma distinguishes a more severe phenotype.

Background: It remains unclear whether phenotyping of type 2-high (T2-high) asthma can distinguish clinical characteristics and lung function trajectories in childhood.

Objective: To explore differences between T2-high and T2-low asthma from birth to age 18 years.

Methods: We included 47 children with asthma and 165 as a control group from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood mother-child cohort.

Pharmacokinetic modeling of prenatal vitamin D exposure and the impact on offspring asthma and pulmonary function.

Gestational 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is important in fetal lung development and may influence offspring respiratory outcomes, making accurate exposure assessment essential to understand clinical associations. Therefore, we used the combined data from two large RCTs investigating prenatal vitamin D supplementation, which included early and late prenatal 25(OH)D measurements, to refine a population pharmacokinetic model of vitamin D-25(OH)D and estimate individual area under the curve (AUC) Z-scores. The primary outcome was physician-diagnosed offspring asthma/wheezing at ages 3 and 6 years, and lung function, as a secondary outcome, was evaluated by spirometry at the ages 6 and 8 years.

Burden of Infections in Early Life and Risk of Infections and Systemic Antibiotics Use in Childhood.

Importance: A high infection burden in early childhood is common and a risk factor for later disease development. However, longitudinal birth cohort studies investigating early-life infection burden and later risk of infection and antibiotic episodes are lacking.

Objective: To investigate whether early-life infection burden is associated with a later risk of infection and systemic antibiotic treatment episodes in childhood.