Hepatitis B core antibody positivity is not associated with risk of transaminase elevation following switch to dual antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: To evaluate whether hepatitis B core antibodies, indicative of possible occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (pOBI), are associated with an increased risk of transaminase elevation in people with HIV (PWH) switching to two-drug regimens (2DR).

Design: Cohort study.

Methods: We included PWH who switched to 2DR since 2018, if they discontinued at least one anti-HBV drug and were HBsAg-negative at baseline.

Challenges and opportunities for hepatitis B virus screening in people attending PrEP services: a retrospective prevalence study.

Objectives: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine/tenofovir to prevent HIV in individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) raises concerns about HBV reactivation when stopping event-driven PrEP or redundancy in HBV treatment for continuous PrEP (since tenofovir alone would be enough for HBV). Real-world data from PrEP services could provide useful epidemiological information on HBV prevalence in PrEP attendees in low-prevalence countries.

Methods: A retrospective analysis on PrEP attendees of three services in northern Italy were conducted to assess HBV prevalence among PrEP attendees and the need for primary cycle/booster dose HBV vaccination despite previous vaccination during childhood (at birth or 12 years).

Cerebral Infectious Opportunistic Lesions in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: The Challenge of Diagnosis and Clinical Management.

Central nervous system (CNS) lesions, especially invasive fungal diseases (IFDs), in immunocompromised patients pose a great challenge in diagnosis and treatment. We report the case of a 48-year-old man with acute myeloid leukaemia and probable pulmonary aspergillosis, who developed hyposthenia of the left upper limb, after achieving leukaemia remission and while on voriconazole. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed oedematous CNS lesions with a haemorrhagic component in the right hemisphere with lepto-meningitis.

Antinociceptive effects of bupivacaine and its sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex in orofacial pain.

Bupivacaine hydrochloride (BVC) represents an option to produce long-lasting analgesia, and complexation in cyclodextrins has shown improvements in biopharmaceutical properties. This study aimed to characterize and test the cytotoxicity and antinociceptive effects of BVC complexed in sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD). The kinetics and stoichiometry of complexation and BVC-SBEβCD association constant were evaluated by phase solubility study and Job's plot.