Dark Matter Internal Pair Production: A Novel Direct Detection Mechanism.

We introduce a new dark matter detection mechanism, dark matter internal pair production (DIPP), to detect dark matter candidates at beam dump facilities. When energetic dark matter scatters in a material, it can create a lepton-antilepton pair by exchanging a virtual photon with the nucleus, akin to the neutrino trident process. We demonstrate this process for dark matter coupled to dark photons in experiments such as DarkQuest, SBND, and DUNE ND.

Novel Approach to Investigate ATOMKI Anomaly Using Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills Detectors.

ATOMKI nuclear anomaly has suggested a new BSM (beyond the standard model) boson with mass ∼17  MeV emitted from excited nuclei and quickly decays into a pair of e^{+}e^{-}. In order to search for the new particle, we propose a new approach that utilizes the ongoing coherent CAPTAIN-Mills (CCM) ten-ton LAr (liquid argon) detectors. The neutrons from the Lujan target can scatter inelastically, but the PMT glass in the CCM detector can produce the new boson which solves the ATOMKI anomaly.

Targeting dopaminergic neuronal death: Luteolin as a therapeutic modulator in Parkinson's disease.

Understanding the convoluted roles of dopamine in brain function is supreme for elucidating the pathophysiology and the therapeutic approach of movement disorders. Of which, Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological ailment characterized by disturbed motor and non-motor functions. Luteolin, a plant-derived flavonoid, exhibits neuroprotective properties through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Hybrid SO(10) Axion Model without Quality Problem.

Invisible axion models that solve the strong CP problem via the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism typically have a quality problem that arises from quantum gravity effects which violate all global symmetries. These models therefore require extreme fine-tuning of parameters for consistency. We present a new solution to the quality problem in a unified SO(10)×U(1)_{a} gauge model, where U(1)_{a} is an anomaly free axial gauge symmetry.

Computational phytochemical screening for Parkinson's disease therapeutics: c-Abl and beyond.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a rapidly growing neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by intracellular α-synuclein aggregates. The tyrosine kinase c-Abl plays a critical role in PD pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify novel c-Abl inhibitors from natural products using molecular docking and dynamics simulations.

Heavy Neutral Leptons via Axionlike Particles at Neutrino Facilities.

Heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) are often among the hypothetical ingredients behind nonzero neutrino masses. If sufficiently light, they can be produced and detected in fixed-target-like experiments. We show that if the HNLs belong to a richer-but rather generic-dark sector, their production mechanism can deviate dramatically from expectations associated with the standard-model weak interactions.

Role of Flavonoids in Mitigating the Pathological Complexities and Treatment Hurdles in Alzheimer's Disease.

With the passage of time, people step toward old age and become more prone to several diseases associated with the age. One such is Alzheimer's disease (AD) which results into neuronal damage and dementia with the progression of age. The existing therapeutics has been hindered by various enkindles like less eminent between remote populations, affordability issues and toxicity profiles.

Prospects for Light Dark Matter Searches at Large-Volume Neutrino Detectors.

We propose a new approach to search for light dark matter (DM), with keV-GeV mass, via inelastic nucleus scattering at large-volume neutrino detectors such as Borexino, DUNE, Super-K, Hyper-K, and JUNO. The approach uses inelastic nuclear scattering of cosmic-ray boosted DM, enabling a low-background search for DM in these experiments. Large neutrino detectors, with higher thresholds than dark matter detectors, can be used, since the nuclear deexcitation lines are O(10)  MeV.

iPREDICT: proof-of-concept study to develop a predictive model of changes in asthma control.

Background: The individualized PREdiction of DIsease Control using digital sensor Technology (iPREDICT) program was developed for asthma management using digital technology. Devices were integrated into daily lives of patients to establish a predictive model of asthma control by measuring changes from baseline health status with minimal device burden.

Objectives: To establish baseline disease characteristics of the study participants, detect changes from baseline associated with asthma events, and evaluate algorithms capable of identifying triggers and predicting asthma control changes from baseline data.

iPREDICT: Characterization of Asthma Triggers and Selection of Digital Technology to Predict Changes in Disease Control.

Purpose: The iPREDICT program aimed to develop an integrated digital health solution capable of continuous data streaming, predicting changes in asthma control, and enabling early intervention.

Patients And Methods: As part of the iPREDICT program, asthma triggers were characterized by surveying 221 patients (aged ≥18 years) with self-reported asthma for a risk-benefit analysis of parameters predictive of changes in disease control. Seventeen healthy volunteers (age 25-65 years) tested 13 devices to measure these parameters and assessed their usability attributes.

Unveiling the interplay of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis in brain health: Promising targets against aging and NDDs.

The escalating prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) within an aging global population presents a pressing challenge. The multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, remain complex and elusive. Among these, the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway emerges as a pivotal network implicated in neuroprotection against these destructive processes.

A patient safety knowledge graph supporting vaccine product development.

Background: Knowledge graphs are well-suited for modeling complex, unstructured, and multi-source data and facilitating their analysis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adverse event data were integrated into a knowledge graph to support vaccine safety surveillance and nimbly respond to urgent health authority questions. Here, we provide details of this post-marketing safety system using public data sources.

Unlocking the therapeutic potential of natural stilbene: Exploring pterostilbene as a powerful ally against aging and cognitive decline.

The therapeutic potential of natural stilbenes, with a particular focus on pterostilbene (PTE), has emerged as a promising avenue of research targeting age-associated conditions encompassing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cognitive decline. This comprehensive investigation delves into the intricate mechanisms through which PTE, a polyphenolic compound abundant in grapes and blueberries, exerts its advantageous effects as an anti-aging agent. Central to its action is the modulation of hallmark aging processes, including oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, telomere attrition, and cellular senescence.

Alpha-Lipoic acid alleviates imidacloprid-induced neuro-behavioral deficits in rats Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Imidacloprid (IMI), a widely used pesticide in agriculture and a potential food contaminant, poses significant health concerns. This study sought to comprehensively evaluate its neurotoxic effects while investigating the potential protective role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring dietary antioxidant renowned for its capacity to combat oxidative stress, support cardiovascular health, and maintain optimal nerve function. In this study, 28 rats were divided evenly into four groups and administered oral treatments of corn oil, IMI, IMI + ALA, and ALA, respectively.

Probing the Dark Sector with Nuclear Transition Photons.

Here we present world-leading sensitivity to light (<170  MeV) dark matter (DM) using beam-dump experiments. Dark sector particles produced during pion decay at accelerator beam dumps can be detected via scattering in neutrino detectors. The decay of nuclei excited by the inelastic scattering of DM is an unexploited channel which has significantly better sensitivity than similar searches using the elastic scattering channel.

Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist in Diabetic Cardio-renal Disorder: Recent Updates of Clinical and Pre-clinical Evidence.

Cardiovascular complications and renal disease is the growing cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. The subversive complications of diabetes such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance lead to an increase in the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure (HF) as well as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among the commercially available anti-hyperglycemic agents, incretin-based medications appear to be safe and effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated cardiovascular and renal disease.

Oxymatrine and insulin resistance: Focusing on mechanistic intricacies involve in diabetes associated cardiomyopathy via SIRT1/AMPK and TGF-β signaling pathway.

Cardiomyopathy (CDM) and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part because of the increase in the number of diabetes mellitus cases. The clinical consequence associated with CDM is heart failure (HF) and is considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus, as compared to nondiabetics. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional malfunctioning of the heart, which includes diastolic dysfunction followed by systolic dysfunction, myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunctional remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis.

Solutions to the MiniBooNE Anomaly from New Physics in Charged Meson Decays.

We point out that production of new bosons by charged meson decays can greatly enhance the sensitivity of beam-focused accelerator-based experiments to new physics signals. This enhancement arises since the charged mesons are focused and their three-body decays do not suffer from helicity suppression in the same way as their usual two-body decays. As a realistic application, we attempt to explain the MiniBooNE low energy excess utilizing this overlooked mechanism, uniquely realizing dark-sector interpretations as plausible solutions to the excess.

Inside the diabetic brain: Insulin resistance and molecular mechanism associated with cognitive impairment and its possible therapeutic strategies.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the most prevalent metabolic disease that has evolved into a major public health issue. Concerning about its secondary complications, a growing body of evidence links T2DM to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders. The underlying pathology behind this secondary complication disease is yet to be fully known.

Similarity and consistency assessment of three major online drug-drug interaction resources.

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the level of agreement on drug-drug interaction (DDI) information listed in three major online drug information resources (DIRs) in terms of: (1) interacting drug pairs; (2) severity rating; (3) evidence rating; and (4) clinical management recommendations.

Methods: We extracted information from the British National Formulary (BNF), Thesaurus and Micromedex. Following drug name normalisation, we estimated the overlap of the DIRs in terms of DDI.

A reference set of clinically relevant adverse drug-drug interactions.

The accurate and timely detection of adverse drug-drug interactions (DDIs) during the postmarketing phase is an important yet complex task with potentially major clinical implications. The development of data mining methodologies that scan healthcare databases for drug safety signals requires appropriate reference sets for performance evaluation. Methodologies for establishing DDI reference sets are limited in the literature, while there is no publicly available resource simultaneously focusing on clinical relevance of DDIs and individual behaviour of interacting drugs.

Axionlike Particles at Future Neutrino Experiments: Closing the Cosmological Triangle.

Axionlike particles (ALPs) provide a promising direction in the search for new physics, while a wide range of models incorporate ALPs. We point out that future neutrino experiments, such as DUNE, possess competitive sensitivity to ALP signals. The high-intensity proton beam impinging on a target can not only produce copious amounts of neutrinos, but also cascade photons that are created from charged particle showers stopping in the target.

A small sustained increase in NOD1 abundance promotes ligand-independent inflammatory and oncogene transcriptional responses.

Small, genetically determined differences in transcription [expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)] are implicated in complex diseases through unknown molecular mechanisms. Here, we showed that a small, persistent increase in the abundance of the innate pathogen sensor NOD1 precipitated large changes in the transcriptional state of monocytes. A ~1.

Explaining the XENON1T Excess with Luminous Dark Matter.

We show that the excess in electron recoil events seen by the XENON1T experiment can be explained by a relatively low-mass luminous dark matter candidate. The dark matter scatters inelastically in the detector (or the surrounding rock) to produce a heavier dark state with a ∼2-3  keV mass splitting. This heavier state then decays within the detector, producing a peak in the electron recoil spectrum that is a good fit to the observed excess.

Inverse Primakoff Scattering as a Probe of Solar Axions at Liquid Xenon Direct Detection Experiments.

We show that XENON1T and future liquid xenon (LXe) direct detection experiments are sensitive to axions through the standard g_{aγ}aFF[over ˜] operators due to inverse-Primakoff scattering. This previously neglected channel significantly improves the sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling, with a reach extending to g_{aγ}∼10^{-10}  GeV^{-1} for axion masses up to a keV, thereby extending into the region of heavier QCD axion models. This result modifies the couplings required to explain the XENON1T excess in terms of solar axions, opening a large region of g_{aγ}-m_{a} parameter space that is not ruled out by the CAST helioscope experiment and reducing the tension with the astrophysical constraints.