Predictive value of joint fluid volume on advanced pre-procedure imaging related to success of arthrocentesis and presence of septic arthritis.

Purpose: Septic arthritis is a dangerous medical condition requiring prompt diagnosis, often via arthrocentesis. A "dry tap" occurs when no fluid is aspirated. We hypothesized that the absence of a joint effusion on pre-procedure advanced imaging would reliably predict a dry tap and exclude septic arthritis.

Abnormal Brachial Plexus Differentiation from Routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An AI-based Approach.

Automatic abnormality identification of brachial plexus (BP) from normal magnetic resonance imaging to localize and identify a neurologic injury in clinical practice (MRI) is still a novel topic in brachial plexopathy. This study developed and evaluated an approach to differentiate abnormal BP with artificial intelligence (AI) over three commonly used MRI sequences, i.e.

Few-shot biomedical image segmentation using diffusion models: Beyond image generation.

Background: Medical image analysis pipelines often involve segmentation, which requires a large amount of annotated training data, which is time-consuming and costly. To address this issue, we proposed leveraging generative models to achieve few-shot image segmentation.

Methods: We trained a denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) on 480,407 pelvis radiographs to generate 256 ✕ 256 px synthetic images.

7T for clinical imaging of benign peripheral nerve tumors: preliminary results.

Purpose: MRI has become an essential diagnostic imaging modality for peripheral nerve pathology. Early MR imaging for peripheral nerve depended on inferred nerve involvement by visualizing downstream effects such as denervation muscular atrophy; improvements in MRI technology have made possible direct visualization of the nerves. In this paper, we share our early clinical experience with 7T for benign neurogenic tumors.

Creating High Fidelity Synthetic Pelvis Radiographs Using Generative Adversarial Networks: Unlocking the Potential of Deep Learning Models Without Patient Privacy Concerns.

Background: In this work, we applied and validated an artificial intelligence technique known as generative adversarial networks (GANs) to create large volumes of high-fidelity synthetic anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiographs that can enable deep learning (DL)-based image analyses, while ensuring patient privacy.

Methods: AP pelvis radiographs with native hips were gathered from an institutional registry between 1998 and 2018. The data was used to train a model to create 512 × 512 pixel synthetic AP pelvis images.

Plexus MRI helps distinguish the immune-mediated neuropathies MADSAM and MMN.

Background: Among immune-mediated neuropathies, clinical-electrophysiological overlap exists between multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (MADSAM) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). Divergent immune pathogenesis, immunotherapy response, and prognosis exist between these two disorders. MRI reports have not shown distinction of these disorders, but biopsy confirmation is lacking in earlier reports.

Bone Tumors: Common Mimickers.

Mimics of primary and secondary bone tumors may result from a variety of processes. These can range from normal variants or developmental lesions that require no further work-up, to findings that require more urgent management, or may be indicative of a more serious systemic disease that necessitates further evaluation and treatment. It is important to be familiar with the spectrum of bone tumor mimics to avoid unnecessary tests, minimize patient morbidity, and reduce patient anxiety.

Pure Motor Onset and IgM-Gammopathy Occurrence in Multifocal Acquired Demyelinating Sensory and Motor Neuropathy.

Background And Objectives: To longitudinally investigate patients with multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (MADSAM), quantifying timing and location of sensory involvements in motor onset patients, along with clinicohistopathologic and electrophysiologic findings to ascertain differences in patients with and without monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS).

Methods: Patients with MADSAM seen at Mayo Clinic and tested for monoclonal gammopathy and ganglioside antibodies were retrospectively reviewed (January 1, 2007-December 31, 2018).

Results: Of 76 patients with MADSAM, 53% had pure motor, 16% pure sensory, 30% sensorimotor, and 1% cranial nerve onsets.

Short and long-term outcomes of three-dimensional printed surgical guides and virtual surgical planning versus conventional methods for fibula free flap reconstruction of the mandible: Decreased nonunion and complication rates.

Background: To determine whether virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional printed cutting guides (3D/VSP) improved radiographic bone union compared to conventional methods (CM) in fibula free flap (FFF) reconstruction of the mandibles.

Methods: Retrospective study from the years 2000-2018 at a tertiary hospital. Osseous union was evaluated by a radiologist blinded to each patient's treatment.

Lumbosacral Radiculoplexus Neuropathy: Neurologic Outcomes and Survival in a Population-Based Study.

Objective: To determine whether patients in the community with lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy (LRPN) have milder neuropathy than referral patients, we characterized the outcomes and survival of population-based compared to referral-based LRPN cohorts.

Background: Previously, we found that the incidence of LRPN is 4.16/100,000/y, a frequency greater than other inflammatory neuropathies.

FDG PET/CT and MRI Features of Pathologically Proven Schwannomas.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the MRI and FDG PET/CT imaging features of pathologically proven schwannomas.

Patients And Methods: This institutional review board-approved retrospective study examined biopsy-proven schwannomas that underwent FDG PET/CT and/or MRI at our institution between January 1, 2002, and April 1, 2018. PET/CT features analyzed included SUVmax, metabolic ratios, volumetric metabolic measures, presence of calcification, and pattern of FDG activity.

Novel Desmin Mutation Causing Myofibrillar Myopathy in a Hmong Family.

Myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of inherited myopathies characterized by aggregation of Z-disc proteins. Mutations in desmin account for ~7% of MFM. We report here a Hmong family with an autosomal dominant MFM caused by a novel variant in the desmin gene.

Extraneural perineurioma: CT and MRI imaging characteristics.

Objective: To examine the CT and MRI characteristics of extraneural perineuriomas.

Materials And Methods: With IRB approval, our institutional imaging database was retrospectively reviewed for cases of pathologically proven extraneural perineuriomas. CT and MRI features were recorded, correlative imaging analyzed, and the electronic medical record cross-referenced.

MR imaging of the postsurgical cubital tunnel: an imaging review of the cubital tunnel, cubital tunnel syndrome, and associated surgical techniques.

Ulnar nerve compression at the elbow, specifically the cubital tunnel, is the second most common upper extremity compression neuropathy. Many patients presenting with compression symptoms will subsequently undergo surgical intervention. We review the open surgical treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome and review the expected postoperative imaging appearance of those treatments on magnetic resonance imaging (MR), including: simple or in situ decompression, medial epicondylectomy, and anterior transposition, including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and submuscular variants.

Uniform combined reconstruction of multichannel 7T knee MRI receive coil data without the use of a reference scan.

Background: MR image intensity nonuniformity is often observed at 7T. Reference scans from the body coil used for uniformity correction at lower field strengths are typically not available at 7T.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel algorithm, Uniform Combined Reconstruction (UNICORN), to correct receive coil-induced nonuniformity in musculoskeletal 7T MRI without the use of a reference scan.

B-cell peripheral neurolymphomatosis: MRI and F-FDG PET/CT imaging characteristics.

Objective: To examine the MRI and F-FDG PET/CT imaging characteristics of peripheral neurolymphomatosis.

Materials And Methods: All institutional cases of neurolymphomatosis with an MRI or F-FDG PET/CT from 2000 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Included cases were biopsy-proven neurolymphomatosis or lymphoma patients with clinical and imaging evidence of neurolymphomatosis that resolved after chemotherapy.

Extensive perineural spread of an intrapelvic sciatic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: a case report.

Perineural spread has been described in multiple neoplasms of neural and non-neural origin. The peripheral nervous system may represent a highway by which tumors can spread throughout the body. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a neoplasm arising from peripheral nerves with high rates of local recurrence and distant metastases, leading to a poor 5-year overall survival.