Perinatal adverse outcomes in twin pregnancies with preeclampsia complicated by distinct gestational diabetes subtypes.

Background: The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicated with preeclampsia (PE) on perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies, particularly across different GDM subtypes, remains unclear.

Methods: This case-control study included 1,263 twin pregnancies with GDM and categorized participants as follows: (i) GDM without PE and GDM with PE groups, and (ii) GDM subgroups based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) values at different time points, including GDM-IFH, GDM-IPH, and GDM-CH. Initially, the study investigated risk factors for PE occurrence in women with GDM.