promoter methylation and expression in endometrial cancer tissues.

Some gene expression regulation in cancers can be controlled by epigenetic change like methylation.  promoter methylation and expression were evaluated in endometrial cancer. The study was run on 39 tumor tissues of endometrial cancer patients and 41 normal endometrial tissues.

Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies of infertile women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a real world evidence.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic began in Dec. 2019 and its effects on pregnancy outcomes are still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of infertile women who conceived during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Infertility policy analysis: a comparative study of selected lower middle- middle- and high-income countries.

Background: Infertility has recently become a salient but neglected global issue. Policies to address the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are vital, especially in lower middle and middle-income countries (LMICs). Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the national infertility policies in the selected countries (LMICs comparing with high-income) to determine gaps or to confirm desirable policies in the given health systems.

Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by various reproductive and cardiometabolic disorders. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is associated with cardiovascular, metabolic, and hormonal status. Selenium, a micronutrient with antioxidant properties, could affect multiple physiological pathways.

The sequential embryo transfer compared to blastocyst embryo transfer in fertilization (IVF) cycle in patients with the three repeated consecutive IVF. A randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this study was to determine the pregnancy rate in the double sequential transfer of embryos on both day 3 and day 5 compared to day 5 alone, in fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF/ET) in patients with the three repeated consecutive IVF failures. In this controlled trial, women scheduled for IVF/ET with the three repeated consecutive IVF failures were randomized to either sequential transfer of embryos on day 2 and on day 5 after ovum pick-up (group 1, = 60) or blastocyst ET on day 5 (group 2, = 60) as a control group. The primary outcome measures were the chemical and clinical pregnancy rate.

Association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Gene polymorphisms and expression with the risk of endometriosis: a case-control study.

Endometriosis is a polygenic and multifactorial gynecology situation which might be associated with angiogenesis. In the current study we assess the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - 2578 A/C, and + 936 C/T polymorphisms in susceptibility to endometriosis and checking the expression of VEGF mRNA in eutopic tissue of endometrium with and without endometriosis. The study was comprised of 300 patients who underwent laparascopic or laparotomy surgery with 100 cases who had confirmed histological diagnosis of endometriosis, and 200 controls with no histological diagnosis of disease.

Comparing reactive oxygen species and DNA fragmentation in semen samples of unexplained infertile and healthy fertile men.

Background: Male factor infertility has increased to more than 40% during the last decade. About 30% of these couples are diagnosed with unexplained infertility. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide anion (O·) and hydrogen peroxide (HO), play a crucial role in regulation of physiological and pathological processes in spermatozoa.

A case-control study of bisphenol A and endometrioma among subgroup of Iranian women.

Background: Endometriosis is a multifactorial hormonally related complex disease with unknown etiology. Epidemiologic data were suggested the possible effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) on endometriosis. BPA is similar to endogenous estrogen and has the ability to interact with estrogen receptors and stimulate estrogen production.

Association of serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and risk of pre-eclampsia: a case-control study.

Background: There is increasing evidence that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may contribute to pre-eclampsia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) as POPs with pre-eclampsia.

Methods: This case-control study was performed in the three general university hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Association between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and gestational diabetes mellitus in primiparous women.

Background: There is growing evidence that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may play an important role in increasing the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, 10 congeners) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, 8 congeners) and GDM in primiparous women with no family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: This case-control study was performed among the three university hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Age related endocrine patterns observed in polycystic ovary syndrome patients vs. ovulatory controls: descriptive data from a university based infertility center.

Objective: To compare serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and other endocrine parameters between patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and age-matched ovulatory women.

Materials And Methods: AMH, DHEAS, FSH, LH, PRL, TSH and total testosterone (TT) were prospectively measured in oligo-ovulatory PCOS patients (n = 595) and in ovulatory non-PCOS women (n = 157) referred to a tertiary infertility center. Mean BMI was similar across the two study populations and there were no smokers in the sample.

Altered FoxO3 expression and apoptosis in granulosa cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Purpose: To determine the level of apoptosis, and alteration of FoxO3 (forkhead box O3 transcription factor) expression and phosphorylation in human granulosa cells amongst polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and control group.

Methods: We recruited infertile women with PCOS (n = 14) and compared them with infertile women due to tubal blockage or male factor infertility (n = 14, controls). GnRH agonist and gonadotropins were used for ovarian stimulation.

Effects of selenium supplementation on glucose homeostasis and free androgen index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial.

Background/objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) is a main pathophysiologic feature in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients which is triggered by elevated oxidative stress in these patients. Selenium, an essential micronutrient, is a major constituent of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase. Recently, decreased plasma selenium concentrations were reported in PCOS patients.

Ovarian stimulation for emergency fertility preservation in cancer patients: A case series study.

•We used Random-Start for the IVF cycle in urgent settings of gynecological cancer.•Oocytes can be obtained at any time before cancer treatment efficiently.•Oocyte maturity rates were comparable with conventional antagonist protocol.

Considering the prominent complaint as a guide in medical therapy for overactive bladder syndrome in women over 45 years.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of women over 45 years with overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity to a 12-week course of oxybutynin or tolterodine treatment.

Material And Methods: A total of 301 eligible Iranian women were studied. In this double-blinded trial, data were analyzed from 3-day urinary diaries from before and after 12 weeks of treatment in which patients were randomly assigned to receive oxybutynin or tolterodine in recommended doses.

Effects of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection on Fertility; A Case-Control Study.

Background: Nowadays, Chlamydia trachomatis is known as a causative agent of infertility. Because of, asymptomatic nature of infection, many may suffer from its lasting complications such as infertility. This study was performed in Tehran during April 2007 to April 2008 to compare the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in fertile and infertile women using ELISA and PCR methods.

Effects of acupuncture on the outcome of in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Background: Different mechanisms have been described for the effects of acupuncture on fertility. Acupuncture may mediate neurotransmitter release, which results in the stimulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion. The production of neurotransmitters such as endogenous opioids may also inhibit central nervous system outflow and biological stress response.

Appropriateness of cesarean sections using the RAND Appropriateness Method criteria.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the appropriateness of cesarean sections, performed in Tehran hospitals using standardized Rand Appropriateness Method (RAM) criteria.

Methods: In this study we used the RAM criteria. In order to prepare the list of cesarean scenarios, clinical guidelines were selected, and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation was used to choose the most appropriate.

Prevalence of the insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) Gly972Arg and the insulin receptor substrate-2(IRS-2) Gly1057Asp polymorphisms in PCOS patients and non-diabetic healthy women.

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency and compare the prevalence of IRS-1Gly972Arg and IRS-2 Gly1057Asp polymorphisms in PCOS patients and non-diabetic healthy women. MATERIAL(S) AND METHOD(S): Forty eight Iranian women diagnosed with PCOS were enrolled in this study. Fifty two non-diabetics, non-PCOS women were enrolled as the control group.

Luteal phase estradiol versus luteal phase GnRH antagonist administration: their effects on antral follicular size coordination and basal hormonal levels.

Background: The differential efficacy between long GnRH agonist with antagonist can partly be due to the preexisting differences in the early antral follicles before ovarian stimulation.

Objective: To compare the effect of pretreatment by estradiol with GnRH antagonist on antral follicular size coordination and basal hormone levels in GNRH antagonist protocol.

Materials And Methods: On cycle day 3 (control/day 3), women underwent measurements of early antral follicles by ultrasound and serum FSH and ovarian hormones then were randomized to receive oral estradiol 4mg/day (n=15) or 3mg cetrorelix acetate (n=15) in luteal phase before subsequent antagonist protocol.

GnRH antagonist versus agonist in normoresponders undergoing ICSI: a randomized clinical trial in Iran.

Background: General concern is that the pregnancy rate is higher with GnRH-agonist as a protocol of pituitary suppression. GnRH-antagonist protocol provides a shorter period of administration and an easy flexible protocol.

Objective: In this study, the outcomes of GnRH agonist and antagonist in ICSI cycles are compared in normo responder patients.

Simvastatin effects on androgens, inflammatory mediators, and endogenous pituitary gonadotropins among patients with PCOS undergoing IVF: results from a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate effects of simvastatin on selected biochemical parameters and reproductive outcome among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Methods: Patients with PCOS were randomized to receive either oral simvastatin, 20 mg/d (n = 32), or placebo (n = 32) in a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial (NCT 005-75601) in parallel with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF. All patients were determined to be at average risk for cardiovascular disease, based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) measurement at entry.

Half-dose, long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (Diphereline) is comparable with daily injections of short-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (Suprefact) in IVF/ICSI cycles.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of half-dose, long-acting GnRH analogue (Diphereline) with Suprefact in IVF/ICSI (in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection) cycles.

Material And Methods: In this randomized clinical trial performed in Royan Institute, 126 infertile women who were first time candidates for IVF/ICSI were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into two groups by using a random number table.

Comparing serum basal and follicular fluid levels of anti-Müllerian hormone as a predictor of in vitro fertilization outcomes in patients with and without polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background And Objectives: The prediction of in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes by anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) measurement is getting increasing attention from clinicians. This study compares the relationship between serum or intrafollicular AMH levels and IVF outcomes in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: This prospective study was carried out in two university-based fertility clinics.