Different Light Wavelengths Differentially Influence the Progression of the Hypersensitive Response Induced by Pathogen Infection in Tobacco.

Using light-emitting diodes (LEDs), we examined how different light wavelengths influence the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco plants infected with pv. (Pst). Pst-infiltrated plants exhibited greater resistance to Pst infection under green and blue light compared to white and red light, as indicated by reduced HR-associated programmed cell death, lower HO production, and up to 64% reduction in membrane damage.

Temporal Trends in Tobacco Smoking Prevalence During the Period 2010-2020 in Vietnam: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

This study used repeated cross-sectional data from three national surveys in Vietnam to determine tobacco smoking prevalence from 2010 to 2020 and disparities among demographic and socioeconomic groups. Tobacco smoking temporal trends were estimated for individuals aged 15 and over and stratified by demographic and socioeconomic status (SES). Prevalence estimates used survey weights and 95% confidence intervals.

Simultaneous versus sequential fractional CO laser and subcision combination for management of post-acne atrophic scars: A split-face comparative study.

Background: A combination of fractional CO laser and subcision is usually employed for the treatment of post-acne atrophic scars. However, the efficacy and safety of both simultaneous and sequential combination therapies should be explored.

Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of simultaneous and sequential fractional CO laser and subcision combination therapies for post-acne atrophic scars.

Optimization of leucomalachite green degradation through electron beam and persulfate oxidation using box-behnken design and life cycle assessment.

This study explored the treatment of Leucomalachite Green (LMG) solutions using an electron beam and sodium persulfate (NaSO), employing Box-Behnken design (BBD) to optimize operational variables such as absorbed dose, initial pH and NaSO concentration. The findings highlighted an optimal absorbed dose of 4.5 kGy, a NaSO concentration of 1.

Methyl jasmonate-induced senescence results in alterations in the status of chlorophyll precursors and enzymatic antioxidants in rice plants.

We examined the control of chlorophyll biosynthesis and protective mechanisms during leaf senescence induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). After MeJA treatment, rice plants displayed evidence of great oxidative stress regarding senescence symptoms, disruption of membrane integrity, HO production, and decreased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency. After 6 h of MeJA treatment, plants greatly decreased not only their levels of chlorophyll precursors, including protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-Proto IX, Mg-Proto IX methylester, and protochlorophyllide, but also the expression levels of the chlorophyll biosynthetic genes CHLD, CHLH, CHLI, and PORB, with the greatest decreases at 78 h.

Estimating the health impacts of sugar-sweetened beverage tax for informing policy decisions about the obesity burden in Vietnam.

Background: Taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been adopted in more than 40 countries but remained under discussion in Vietnam. This study aimed to estimate the health impacts of different SSBs tax plans currently under discussion to provide an evidence base to inform decision-making about a SSBs tax policy in Vietnam.

Method & Findings: Five tax scenarios were modelled, representing three levels of price increase: 5%, 11% and 19-20%.

Putting non-communicable disease data to work in Vietnam: an investigation of community health surveillance capacity.

Introduction: Despite the public health system's critical role in non-communicable disease (NCD) surveillance in Vietnam, limited evidence exists on the implementation of NCD surveillance activities within these systems and the need for capacity building across different system levels to meet expected NCD surveillance goals. This study aimed to evaluate the status of and describe factors affecting the implementation of NCD surveillance activities and to identify the NCD surveillance capacity building needs of the public health system in Vietnam.

Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach in four provinces, conducting self-completed surveys of staff from six Preventive Medicine Institutes (PHI), 53 Centres for Disease Control (CDC) and 148 commune health stations (CHS), as well as 14 in-depth interviews and 22 focus group discussions at four PHI, four CDC, and eight district health centres and CHS.

Trend of metabolic risk factors among the population aged 25-64 years for non-communicable diseases over time in Vietnam: A time series analysis using national STEPs survey data.

Introduction: The study aims to examine the trends of 4 metabolic NCDs risk factors including raised blood pressure, increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids and overweight/obesity over the last 10 years in Vietnam as well as examine these trends among different sub-population by geographical area, gender, and age groups.

Methods: The study combined the national representative data from three rounds of STEPs survey in Vietnam conducted in 2010, 2015, and 2020 on people aged 25-64 years. The overall prevalence of each metabolic factor together with 95% CI for each time point as well as the stratified prevalence by rural/urban, male/female, and 4 separated age groups were calculated and considered the sampling weight.

Modulation of chloroplast components and defense responses during programmed cell death in tobacco infected with Pseudomonas syringae.

We examined how tobacco plants coordinate chloroplast components and defense responses during Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) infection. Tobacco leaves infiltrated with Pst induced weak necrosis at 24 h post-infiltration (hpi) and severe necrosis at 48 hpi.

Altered regulation of porphyrin biosynthesis and protective responses to acifluorfen-induced photodynamic stress in transgenic rice expressing Bradyrhizobium japonicum Fe-chelatase.

We examined the molecular regulation of porphyrin biosynthesis and protective responses in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) expressing Bradyrhizobium japonicum Fe-chelatase (BjFeCh) after treatment with acifluorfen (AF). During the photodynamic stress imposed by AF, transcript levels of BjFeCh in transgenic plants increased greatly; moreover, transcript levels of OsFeCh2 remained almost constant, whereas in wild type (WT) plants they were considerably down-regulated. In the heme branch, transgenic plants exhibited greater levels of OsFC and HO transcripts than WT plants in the untreated stems as well as in the AF-treated leaves and stems.

Compliance to dietary guidelines on fruit and vegetable intake and prevalence of hypertension among Vietnamese adults, 2015.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Western dietary guidelines on fruit and vegetable intake are associated with blood pressure parameters and hypertension among Vietnamese adults.

Methods: Participants included 1384 women and 1049 men aged 18-69 years from the 2015 Vietnam national survey on risk factors of non-communicable diseases. Associations between dietary intake score based on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) guidelines and World Health Organization recommendations on fruit and vegetable consumption and blood pressure parameters and hypertension were evaluated by multivariate regression analyses.

Extraction and biomolecular analysis of dermal interstitial fluid collected with hollow microneedles.

Dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is an underutilized information-rich biofluid potentially useful in health status monitoring applications whose contents remain challenging to characterize. Here, we present a facile microneedle approach for dermal ISF extraction with minimal pain and no blistering for human subjects and rats. Extracted ISF volumes were sufficient for determining transcriptome, and proteome signatures.

The importance of waist circumference and body mass index in cross-sectional relationships with risk of cardiovascular disease in Vietnam.

Background: Waist circumference (WC) is an indicator of intra-abdominal adipose tissue, high levels of which confer an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. Population data on WC should be more informative than data on body mass index (BMI), which is a general indicator of body size. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of WC relative to BMI in cross-sectional relationships with blood pressure (BP), glucose, and total cholesterol (TC) in the adult population of Vietnam.

Proteomic Characterization of Dermal Interstitial Fluid Extracted Using a Novel Microneedle-Assisted Technique.

As wearable fitness devices have gained commercial acceptance, interest in real-time monitoring of an individual's physiological status using noninvasive techniques has grown. Microneedles have been proposed as a minimally invasive technique for sampling the dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) for clinical monitoring and diagnosis, but little is known about its composition. In this study, a novel microneedle array was used to collect dermal ISF from three healthy human donors and compared with matching serum and plasma samples.

Assessment of the Therapeutic Potential of Persimmon Leaf Extract on Prediabetic Subjects.

Dietary supplements have exhibited myriads of positive health effects on human health conditions and with the advent of new technological advances, including in the fields of proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics, biological and pharmacological activities of dietary supplements are being evaluated for their ameliorative effects in human ailments. Recent interests in understanding and discovering the molecular targets of phytochemical-gene-protein-metabolite dynamics resulted in discovery of a few protein signature candidates that could potentially be used to assess the effects of dietary supplements on human health. Persimmon () is a folk medicine, commonly used as dietary supplement in China, Japan, and South Korea, owing to its different beneficial health effects including anti-diabetic implications.

Autopiquer - a Robust and Reliable Peak Detection Algorithm for Mass Spectrometry.

We present a simple algorithm for robust and unsupervised peak detection by determining a noise threshold in isotopically resolved mass spectrometry data. Solving this problem will greatly reduce the subjective and time-consuming manual picking of mass spectral peaks and so will prove beneficial in many research applications. The Autopiquer approach uses autocorrelation to test for the presence of (isotopic) structure in overlapping windows across the spectrum.

National survey of risk factors for non-communicable disease in Vietnam: prevalence estimates and an assessment of their validity.

Background: To estimate the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors at a provincial level in Vietnam, and to assess whether the summary estimates allow reliable inferences to be drawn regarding regional differences in risk factors and associations between them.

Methods: Participants (n = 14706, 53.5 % females) aged 25-64 years were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam.

Fruit and vegetable consumption in Vietnam, and the use of a 'standard serving' size to measure intake.

The aims of the present study were to provide nationally representative data on fruit and vegetable consumption in Vietnam, and to assess the accuracy of the reported numbers of 'standard servings' consumed. Data analysed were from a multi-stage stratified cluster survey of 14 706 participants (46·5 % males, response proportion 64·1 %) aged 25-64 years in Vietnam. Measurements were made in accordance with the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of non-communicable diseases (STEPS) protocols.

Alcohol Consumption in Vietnam, and the Use of 'Standard Drinks' to Measure Alcohol Intake.

Aims: To provide nationally representative data on alcohol consumption in Vietnam and to assess whether reported numbers of 'standard drinks' consumed have evidence of validity (particularly in rural areas where home-made alcohol is consumed from cups of varying size).

Methods: A nationally representative population-based survey of 14,706 participants (46.5% males, response proportion 64.

Glycosylation characterization of therapeutic mAbs by top- and middle-down mass spectrometry.

A reference monoclonal antibody IgG1 and a fusion IgG protein were analyzed by top- and middle-down mass spectrometry with multiple fragmentation techniques including electron transfer dissociation (ETD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization in-source decay (MALDI-ISD) to investigate heterogeneity of glycosylated protein species. Specifically, glycan structure, sites, relative abundance levels, and termini structural conformation were investigated by use of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) or high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI) linked to an Orbitrap. Incorporating a limited enzymatic digestion by immunoglobulin G-degrading enzyme Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS) with MALDI-ISD analysis extended sequence coverage of the internal region of the proteins without pre-fractionation.

Comprehensive glycosylation profiling of IgG and IgG-fusion proteins by top-down MS with multiple fragmentation techniques.

Unlabelled: We employed top- and middle-down analyses with multiple fragmentation techniques including electron transfer dissociation (ETD), electron capture dissociation (ECD), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization in-source decay (MALDI-ISD) for characterization of a reference monoclonal antibody (mAb) IgG1 and a fusion IgG protein. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) or high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI) on an Orbitrap was employed. These experiments provided a comprehensive view on the protein species; especially for different glycosylation level in these two proteins, which showed good agreement with oligosaccharide profiling.

Physical Activity in Vietnam: Estimates and Measurement Issues.

Introduction: Our aims were to provide the first national estimates of physical activity (PA) for Vietnam, and to investigate issues affecting their accuracy.

Methods: Measurements were made using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) on a nationally-representative sample of 14706 participants (46.5% males, response 64.

Advances in protein complex analysis by chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry (CXMS) and bioinformatics.

For the analysis of protein-protein interactions and protein conformations, cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry (CXMS) has become an essential tool in recent years. A variety of cross-linking reagents are used to covalently link interacting amino acids to identify protein-binding partners. The spatial proximity of cross-linked amino acid residues is used to elucidate structural models of protein complexes.