Vibostolimab Coformulated with Pembrolizumab in Participants with Docetaxel-pretreated Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: KEYNOTE-365 Cohort G.

Novel therapeutic options are needed to extend disease control and survival for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after docetaxel. Cohort G of the phase 1b/2 KEYNOTE-365 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of vibostolimab coformulated with pembrolizumab in participants with docetaxel-pretreated mCRPC. Eligible participants with mCRPC whose disease progressed following docetaxel received vibostolimab 200 mg coformulated with pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 wk for up to 35 cycles.

Exploratory subgroup analyses of EV-302: a phase III global study to evaluate enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Background: In the phase III EV-302 study (NCT04223856), enfortumab vedotin (EV) plus pembrolizumab (P) demonstrated superior efficacy and safety versus platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated locally advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC). We report the efficacy of EV+P in prespecified subgroups, including those defined by cisplatin eligibility status, the presence or absence of liver metastases, and metastatic disease sites.

Methods: Patients with previously untreated la/mUC were randomly assigned 1 : 1 to receive either EV 1.

The South American MicroBiome Archive (saMBA): enriching the microbiome field by studying neglected populations.

The human gut microbiome is associated with numerous health outcomes, often in a region-specific manner. Unfortunately, global microbiome research remains profoundly imbalanced: over 70% of sequenced human microbiomes originate from Europe and North America, which together represent only 15% of the world's population. To address this disparity, we developed saMBA-the largest archive of gut microbiomes from South America, one of the world's most microbiome-diverse regions but also among the least studied.

Gut microbiota regulates exercise-induced hormetic modulation of cognitive function.

Background: Lifestyle factors, particularly physical exercise, significantly influence brain structure and cognitive function through a hormetic effect -a phenomenon where low to moderate doses of a stimulus (in this case, exercise) induce beneficial adaptations, while excessive doses could lead to detrimental effects. This effect depends on exercise intensity and duration, though the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as potent modulator of lifestyle-induced changes in brain and behaviour.

Avelumab First-line Maintenance for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Long-term Outcomes from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 Trial in Patients with Nonvisceral or Lymph Node-only Disease.

In the JAVELIN Bladder 100 randomized phase 3 trial (N = 700), avelumab first-line maintenance plus best supportive care (BSC) significantly prolonged overall survival (OS; primary endpoint) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus BSC alone in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) without progression after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC). Here, we report exploratory analyses of subgroups with nonvisceral metastases at the start of PBC (including bone metastases) or lymph node-only disease at randomization. The median OS with avelumab versus control in patients with nonvisceral metastases (n = 318) was 31.