Standard treatment regimen with and without dexamethasone on outcome of children aged 3-7 years with empyema: a randomized double blind clinical trial.

Background: Corticosteroids have an effective inhibitory effect on inflammatory factors and are used as adjunctive therapy for viral pneumonia. We conducted this study to compare the effects of a standard treatment regimen with and without dexamethasone on the outcomes of 3-7-year-old children with empyema.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at a university hospital in Iran from June 2023 to November 2024.

Factors Affecting IVF Success after Laparoscopic Surgery in Women with Endometriosis.

Background: Considering low-quality evidence regarding the impact of laparoscopic surgery on in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates in women with endometriosis, our research aimed to evaluate IVF success rates and their influential factors in women with endometriosis-related infertility who underwent laparoscopic surgery.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, we included women aged 15 to 40 years diagnosed with endometriosis-related infertility who underwent laparoscopic surgery in a university hospital. Women with severe male factor infertility, adenomyosis, uterine myomas, premature ovarian insufficiency, incomplete information, or inaccessible data from infertility centers were excluded.

The Impact of Endometrial Compaction after Progesterone Administration on Pregnancy Outcomes in Artificial Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to assess the association between endometrial compaction and pregnancy outcomes in Hormone Replacement Therapy-Frozen Embryo Transfer (HRT-FET) protocols. The secondary objective was to investigate the correlation between serum progesterone levels and pregnancy success in FET cycles.

Design: Prospective cohort study was conducted during January-April 2024.

Validity Study of an Emotional Face-Database in Iranian Community.

To investigate the accuracy of facial emotion recognition in the Iranian community, a face database validated in this community is required. To do this, we conducted a validation study on the Radboud face database. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of recognizing emotions through faces in an Iranian sample and then to choose the pictures with high agreement in terms of detecting emotions.

A comparative systematic review and meta-analysis of uterine artery resistance in pregnant women with and without previous history of cesarean section.

Background: Increased uterine artery resistance in pregnant women with a history of cesarean section has been suggested to contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the literature presents conflicting reports on this association. In this comparative meta-analysis and systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the studies that reported uterine artery resistance using Color Doppler ultrasonography in pregnant women with and without a history of cesarean section.

RDoC Framework Through the Lens of Predictive Processing: Focusing on Cognitive Systems Domain.

In response to shortcomings of the current classification system in translating discoveries from basic science to clinical applications, NIMH offers a new framework for studying mental health disorders called Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). This framework holds a multidimensional outlook on psychopathologies focusing on functional domains of behavior and their implementing neural circuits. In parallel, the Predictive Processing (PP) framework stands as a leading theory of human brain function, offering a unified explanation for various types of information processing in the brain.

Association of verbal and non-verbal theory of mind abilities with non-coding variants of OXTR in youth with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing individuals: a case-control study.

Background: The ability to attribute mental states to others is called theory of mind (ToM) and is a substantial component of social cognition. This ability is abnormally developed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several studies over the past decade have identified the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and its variants as promising components for explaining the molecular mechanisms underlying Theory of Mind (ToM).

Normative Data and Reliability of the Moving Shapes Paradigm.

Moving Shapes paradigm is a test that evaluates intentionality as a theory of mind (ToM) component. This study aimed to assess the normative data and reliability of this test in a community sample of 9-11-year-old children. A total of 398 children aged between 9 and 11 years were recruited from mainstream elementary schools through a random cluster sampling.

Prevalence of Hookah Smoking among University Students in Iran: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Background: The rise in popularity of waterpipe smoking among younger people cause increase its deleterious effects on health in recent years. The aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of water-pipe smoking in university students in Iran.

Methods: We performed the literature search from 1946 to January 21, 2019, in several international and national databases such as Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, Iranmedex, and IranPsych.

A new semi-nonverbal task glance, moderate role of cognitive flexibility in ADHD children's theory of mind.

Studies have documented both executive functions (EF) impairment in children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) and Theory of Mind (ToM), yielding mixed results, possibly because of a variety of tasks used, all requiring different levels of language skills. To investigate the relationship between ToM and EF with non-language-based tasks. Thirty ADHD (7-9 years old) were compared to thirty controls (age and IQ matched).

Normative data and psychometric properties of a farsi translation of the strange stories test.

Background And Objective: The Strange Stories test is one of the most commonly used tests to evaluate advanced "theory of mind," i.e. attribution of mental states.

Understanding intentionality in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

One of the main aspects of theory of mind is intentionality which refers to recognizing other people's intentions in their behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate intentionality in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty children with ADHD were compared to thirty age- and IQ-matched normal children.