Phenotypic screening in influenza-infected zebrafish identifies Nrf2-mediated compound protective against ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Excessive inflammation contributes to tissue injury in conditions including acute respiratory distress syndrome and ischemia-reperfusion. Moderation of inflammation is a potential therapeutic approach. A phenotypic screen of chemical libraries in influenza A-infected zebrafish identified aeroplysinin-1 (Ap) as a compound capable of reducing edema and improving survival.

Mitochondrial Transplantation Reduces Injury and Improves Liver Function in a Porcine Model of Hemi-hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion.

Objective: To assess mitochondrial transplantation (MitoTx) via portal vein infusion to reduce liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) in a survival porcine model.

Summary Background Data: MitoTx has been shown to alleviate I/R injury in various organs.

Methods: Male Yorkshire pigs (38±1 kg) were subjected to 2 hours of ischemia in the left hemi-liver (left portal-triad clamping), and at the beginning of reperfusion (marked as t=0 h), animals received a 1-hour infusion of autologous mitochondria (MT, 7×10^9/kg) or saline (controls) via the portal vein.

Mitochondrial Transplantation: A Novel Therapy for Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of mitochondrial transplantation (MTx) in a murine liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model.

Background: Sequential liver ischemia, followed by reperfusion (I/R), is a pathophysiological process underlying hepatocellular injury in a number of clinical contexts, such as hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation, major elective liver surgery, and organ transplantation. A unifying pathogenic consequence of I/R is mitochondrial dysfunction.

SR3677 IS HEPATOPROTECTIVE IN MURINE LIVER ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY: POTENTIAL ROLE OF BNIP3L/NIX (BCL2/ADENOVIRUS E1B 19 KDA PROTEIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN 3-LIKE).

SR3677, a highly selective rho-associated protein kinase 2 inhibitor, administered prior to liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, induced hepatoprotection in both wild-type and Parkin2-/- mice. Experiments in hepatocytes identified BNIP3L/NIX, as a potential mediator of the hepatoprotective effects of SR3677.

Disease-free survival after pancreatectomy for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A 17-year single-center experience of 223 patients.

Background: Metastasis or recurrence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) after pancreatectomy is an important source of postsurgical morbidity. This study aimed to define disease-free survival (DFS) in this population.

Methods: Patients who underwent pancreatectomy for pNETs between January 2005 and January 2022 were included.

Bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo models: a way forward to clinical translation of mitochondrial transplantation in acute disease states.

Mitochondrial transplantation and transfer are being explored as therapeutic options in acute and chronic diseases to restore cellular function in injured tissues. To limit potential immune responses and rejection of donor mitochondria, current clinical applications have focused on delivery of autologous mitochondria. We recently convened a Mitochondrial Transplant Convergent Working Group (CWG), to explore three key issues that limit clinical translation: (1) storage of mitochondria, (2) biomaterials to enhance mitochondrial uptake, and (3) dynamic models to mimic the complex recipient tissue environment.

Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Require Mitochondrial Transfer and Quality Control.

Due to their beneficial effects in an array of diseases, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the focus of intense preclinical research and clinical implementation for decades. MSCs have multilineage differentiation capacity, support hematopoiesis, secrete pro-regenerative factors and exert immunoregulatory functions promoting homeostasis and the resolution of injury/inflammation. The main effects of MSCs include modulation of immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and transfer of mitochondria (Mt) to injured cells.

Elevated baseline expression of seven virulence factor RNA transcripts in visceralizing species of : a preliminary quantitative PCR study.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that manifests as three major disease phenotypes: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. In this preliminary study, we quantified virulence factor (VF) RNA transcript expression in species, stratified by geographic origin and propensity for specific disease phenotypes.

Methods: Cultured promastigotes of 19 clinical and ATCC isolates were extracted for total cellular RNA, cDNA was reverse transcribed, and qPCR assays were performed to quantify VF RNA transcript expression for , , , , , , and .

Comparison of Whole Genome Sequencing versus Standard Molecular Diagnostics for Species Identification in the Leishmania Viannia Subgenus.

The prognosis and treatment of New World tegumentary leishmaniasis is dependent on the infecting species, yet such species identification in the Leishmania Viannia subgenus poses a diagnostic challenge. Currently, speciation relies on standard molecular techniques such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, and Sanger sequencing (SS). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a robust and increasingly cost-efficient tool that may improve Leishmania species identification.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of unplanned hospital visits and re-admissions following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

Introduction: Unplanned visits (UPV) - re-admissions and emergency room (ER) visits - are markers of healthcare system quality. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a commonly performed cancer procedure, where variation in UPV represents a gap in care for prostate cancer patients. Here, we systematically synthesize the rates, reasons, predictors, and interventions for UPV after RP to inform evidence-based quality improvement (QI) initiatives.

Virulence factor RNA transcript expression in the subgenus: influence of species, isolate source, and RNA virus-1.

Background: RNA virus-1 (LRV1) is a double-stranded RNA virus identified in 20-25% of -species endemic to Latin America, and is believed to accelerate cutaneous to mucosal leishmaniasis over time. Our objective was to quantify known virulence factor (VF) RNA transcript expression according to LRV1 status, causative species, and isolate source.

Methods: Eight cultured isolates of were used, four of which were LRV1-positive ( [ = 1], .

An Update on Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests.

Purpose Of Review: Modern advances in malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) technology have increased demand for low-cost, easy-to-use assays in areas endemic for malaria. Substantial developments in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, improvements in non-falciparum RDTs, and novel biotechnological innovations are gradually aligning the performance of RDTs with reference-level diagnostics including PCR and expert microscopy gold standards.

Recent Findings: Trends have emerged in recent malaria RDT literature: (1) improvements in the sensitivity and specificity of RDTs for Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis, making them comparable to expert microscopic examination; (2) reduced false-positive and false-negative reactions with novel antibody development; (3) improved sensitivity and specificity capabilities of Plasmodium vivax-specific RDTs; (4) developing RDTs for co-endemic mixed infection differentiation; (5) significant improvements of RDTs for Plasmodium knowlesi; (6) a global push towards assessing and confronting the growing concerns of widespread pfhrp2 gene deletions; and (7) original innovation in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) biotechnological RDT-like platforms that demonstrate promising performance characteristics for P.

Prolonged antibiotic use leading to Clostridium difficile colitis in an ill returned traveller with acute fascioliasis.

We report a case of a 29-year-old woman who presented to hospital with fever, right upper quadrant pain, marked eosinophilia, and liver abscesses after returning to Canada from Bali, Indonesia. Diagnostic delay and prolonged antibiotic use led to morbidity before the eventual diagnosis and treatment of fascioliasis.