Association Between Visceral Fat and Lung Function Impairment in Overweight and Grade I Obese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Beyond the common comorbidities related to obesity, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, impaired lung function is already known, but whether the fat distribution (sub-cutaneous, visceral) affects the lung function and pulmonary immune response are poorly known. Few evidence has shown that visceral fat is associated with insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and reduced lung function. In the present study, the body composition and fat distribution were evaluated by multi-frequency octopolar bioimpedance.

Two-day cardiopulmonary exercise testing in long COVID post-exertional malaise diagnosis.

Background: Long COVID patients present with a myriad of symptoms that can include fatigue, exercise intolerance and post exertional malaise (PEM). Long COVID has been compared to other post viral syndromes, including myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), where a reduction in day 2 cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance of a two-day CPET protocol is suggested to be a result of PEM. We investigated cardiopulmonary and perceptual responses to a two-day CPET protocol in Long COVID patients.

Immune system benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators show relationships with shortness of breath, exercise intolerance and health related quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), a comprehensive education and exercise training programme, is the most effective therapy for COPD and is associated with reduced exacerbation and hospitalization rates and increased survival.

A Pilot Study on the Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiorespiratory Performance, Quality of Life, and Immunologic Variables in Long COVID.

Fatigue is a prominent feature of long COVID (LC) and may be related to several pathophysiologic mechanisms, including immune hyperstimulation. Aerobic endurance exercise training may be a useful therapy, with appropriate attention to preventing post-exertional malaise. Fourteen participants completed a pilot study of aerobic exercise training (twenty 1.

The immune landscape of uterine fibroids as determined by mass cytometry.

Objective: To study the differences in immune cell profiles in uterine fibroids (Fibs) and matched myometrium (Myo).

Design: Observational study.

Setting: Laboratory study.

Lack of effect of an in-line filter on cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables in healthy subjects.

Purpose: Pathogen transmission during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is caused by carrier aerosols generated during respiration.

Methods: Ten healthy volunteers (age range: 34 ± 15; 4 females) were recruited to see if the physiological reactions to ramp-incremental CPET on a cycle ergometer were affected using an in-line filter placed between the mouthpiece and the flow sensor. The tests were in random order with or without an in-line bacterial/viral spirometer filter.

Physical Activity, Muscle Oxidative Capacity, and Coronary Artery Calcium in Smokers with and without COPD.

Introduction: Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is partly characterized by diminished skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and concurrent dyslipidemia. It is unknown whether such metabolic derangements increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study explored associations among physical activity (PA), muscle oxidative capacity, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in COPDGene participants.

Chronotropic index during 6-minute walk and acute respiratory events in COPDGene.

Background: Lower heart rate (HR) increases during exercise and slower HR recovery (HRR) after exercise are markers of worse autonomic function that may be associated with risk of acute respiratory events (ARE).

Methods: Data from 6-min walk testing (6MWT) in COPDGene were used to calculate the chronotropic index (CI) [(HR immediately post 6MWT - resting HR)/((220 - age) - resting HR)] and HRR at 1 min after 6MWT completion. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to test associations of CI and HRR with rates of any ARE (requiring steroids and/or antibiotics) and severe ARE (requiring emergency department visit or hospitalization), among all participants and in spirometry subgroups (normal, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], and preserved ratio with impaired spirometry).

Identifying a Heart Rate Recovery Criterion After a 6-Minute Walk Test in COPD.

Background: Slow heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is associated with autonomic dysfunction and increased mortality. What HRR criterion at 1-minute after a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) best defines pulmonary impairment?.

Study Design And Methods: A total of 5008 phase 2 COPDGene (NCT00608764) participants with smoking history were included.

Behaviour of salivary testosterone and cortisol in men during an Ironman Triathlon.

Endurance exercise induces notable acute hormonal responses on the gonadal and adrenal hormones. The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in salivary testosterone (), salivary cortisol () and ratio during long-distance triathlon. Ten well-trained male triathletes participated in the study and were assessed for hormonal changes at four time-points (pre-competition, post-swimming, post-cycling, and post-running phases).

Dynamic airway function during exercise in COPD assessed via impulse oscillometry before and after inhaled bronchodilators.

Assessing airway function during exercise provides useful information regarding mechanical properties of the airways and the extent of ventilatory limitation in COPD. The primary aim of this study was to use impulse oscillometry (IOS) to assess dynamic changes in airway impedance across a range of exercise intensities in patients with GOLD 1-4, before and after albuterol administration. A secondary aim was to assess the reproducibility of IOS measures during exercise.

Serum Amyloid A in Stable COPD Patients is Associated with the Frequent Exacerbator Phenotype.

Background: We sought to determine whether circulating inflammatory biomarkers were associated with the frequent exacerbator phenotype in stable COPD patients ie, those with two or more exacerbations in the previous year.

Methods: Eighty-eight stable, severe, COPD patients (4 females) were assessed for exacerbation frequency, pulmonary function, fraction of expired nitric oxide (FNO); inflammatory variables were measured in venous blood. Logistic regression assessed associations between the frequent exacerbator phenotype and systemic inflammation.

Aerobic exercise inhibits acute lung injury: from mouse to human evidence Exercise reduced lung injury markers in mouse and in cells.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as hypoxemic respiratory failure with intense pulmonary inflammation, involving hyperactivation of endothelial cells and neutrophils. Given the anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic exercise (AE), this study investigated whether AE performed daily for 5 weeks would inhibit extra-pulmonary LPS-induced ARDS. C57Bl/6 mice were distributed into Control, Exercise, LPS and Exercise+LPS groups.

Exercise Inhibits the Effects of Smoke-Induced COPD Involving Modulation of STAT3.

Purpose: Evaluate the participation of STAT3 in the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) in a model of smoke-induced COPD.

Methods: C57Bl/6 male mice were divided into control, Exe, COPD, and COPD+Exe groups. Smoke were administered during 90 days.

Sex-specific variation in signaling pathways and gene expression patterns in human leukocytes in response to endotoxin and exercise.

Background: While exercise effects on the immune system have received increasing attention in recent years, it remains unclear to what extent gender and fluctuations in sex hormones during menstrual cycle influence immunological responses to exercise.

Methods: We investigated mRNA changes induced through exhaustive exercise (half-marathon; pre-exercise and post-exercise [30 min, 3 h, 24 h] on whole blood cultures ± lipopolysaccharide [LPS] [1 h]) with a specific focus on sex differences (men vs women in luteal phase) as an extension of our previous study.

Results: Inflammation related signaling pathways, TLRs, cytosolic DNA sensing and RIG-I like receptors were differentially activated between sexes in LPS-stimulated cultures.

Aerobic Exercise Reduces Asthma Phenotype by Modulation of the Leukotriene Pathway.

Introduction: Leukotrienes (LTs) play a central role in asthma. Low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (AE) reduces asthmatic inflammation in clinical studies and in experimental models. This study investigated whether AE attenuates LT pathway activation in an ovalbumin (OVA) model of asthma.

Exercise and Adipose Tissue Macrophages: New Frontiers in Obesity Research?

Obesity is a major public health problem in the twenty-first century. Mutations in genes that regulate substrate metabolism, subsequent dysfunction in their protein products, and other factors, such as increased adipose tissue inflammation, are some underlying etiologies of this disease. Increased inflammation in the adipose tissue microenvironment is partly mediated by the presence of cells from the innate and adaptive immune system.

The role of the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 in diseases of the central nervous system and other pathological processes.

In recent years, the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 has been shown to control a large set of molecular pathways involved in the regulation of protective as well as self-directed immune responses. Here, we assess the current and putative roles of A20 in inflammatory, vascular and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system and explore future directions of research.

Exercise immunology meets MiRNAs.

A large body of evidence indicates modified expression of protein-coding genes in response to different kinds of physical activity. Recent years have exposed another level of regulation of cellular processes mediated by non-coding RNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the largest families of non-coding RNAs.

Exhaustive exercise modifies different gene expression profiles and pathways in LPS-stimulated and un-stimulated whole blood cultures.

Exhaustive exercise can interfere with immunity, causing transient immunosuppression and infections/inflammation in athletes. We used microarray technology to analyze the gene expression profiles of whole blood in short time (1h) LPS-stimulated and un-stimulated cultures drawn before, 30min after, 3h after and 24h after a half-marathon run. Four male and 4 female athletes participated.