One Health investigation of the first human rabies death linked to a clinically suspected rabid bull calf in Bangladesh.

Rabies is a fatal and neglected zoonotic disease that remains endemic in Bangladesh. Most human cases result from dog bites, and it is not uncommon for livestock to be bitten by dogs. This report presents the first known clinically diagnosed human rabies case in Bangladesh associated with exposure to infected livestock.

Evaluating a rapid molecular assay in a mobile laboratory for improved diagnosis of dengue in Bangladesh.

Objectives: Dengue emerged as a significant health threat in endemic regions in recent years. However, inconsistent diagnostic accuracy in sequential dengue infections necessitate improved testing methods to ensure effective management of dengue cases. Here, we evaluated a portable, rapid, and sensitive molecular assay-reverse transcriptase recombinase polymerase amplification assay (RT-RAA)-utilizing a mobile suitcase laboratory to detect infections in suspected dengue cases in Bangladesh.

The current state of laboratory mycology in Asia/Pacific: A survey from the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM).

Introduction: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in Asia/Pacific are a particular threat to patients with malignancies, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or undiagnosed/untreated human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Adequate and early access to diagnostic tools and antifungals is essential for IFI clinical management and patient survival.

Methods: Details on institution profile, self-perception on IFI, and access to microscopy, culture, serology, antigen detection, molecular testing, and therapeutic drug monitoring for IFI were collected in a survey.

Evaluation of gastric emptying in critically ill patients using electrical impedance method: a pilot study.

Nasogastric feeding is commonly used to deliver enteral feed in critically ill patients and several methods are used for assessing the gastric residual volume with limitations. A new approach for gastric emptying time measurement has been developed using Electric Impedance Method (EIM). The study aims to establish whether EIM is useful for measuring gastric emptying during nasogastric feeding compared with nasogastric suction.

Factors associated with in-hospital mortality of adult tetanus patients-a multicenter study from Bangladesh.

Background: Tetanus, a vaccine-preventable disease, is still occurring in the elderly population of low- and middle-income countries with a high case-fatality rate. The objective of the study was to elucidate the factors associated with in-hospital mortality of tetanus in Bangladesh.

Methods: This prospective observational study, conducted in two specialized infectious disease hospitals, conveniently selected adult tetanus patients (≥18 years) for inclusion.

Evaluation of Loopamp™ Detection Kit and Antigen ELISA for Post-Elimination Detection and Management of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bangladesh.

With reduced prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent (ISC), direct and field deployable diagnostic tests are needed to implement an effective diagnostic and surveillance algorithm for post-elimination VL control. In this regard, here we investigated the diagnostic efficacies of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay (Loopamp™ Detection Kit, Eiken Chemical CO., Ltd, Japan), a real-time quantitative PCR assay (qPCR) and the antigen ELISA (CLIN-TECH, UK) with different sampling techniques and evaluated their prospect to incorporate into post-elimination VL control strategies.

Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of the 2019 dengue outbreak in Bangladesh.

Background: Dengue fever shows a broad range of clinical presentations worldwide. Here we report on our clinical findings during the 2019 dengue outbreak in one of the largest tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.

Methods: A total of 747 suspected dengue cases (553 confirmed and 194 probable) were interviewed with a pro forma case record form.

Amphotericin B deoxycholate for relapse visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Based on studies in India (as there was no studies from outside India) amphotericin B deoxycholate has been considered as a backup drug for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. However, treatment response and adverse effect to anti-leishmanial drugs may vary across different populations and in Bangladesh the effect to amphotericin B deoxycholate for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis is still unknown. Therefore, there is a need to explore cure rate and adverse effects to amphotericin B deoxycholate to justify its use on visceral leishmaniasis patients in Bangladesh.

Corneal complications following Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis treatment.

Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a sequel of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). The patients act as a reservoir for the causative parasite (i.e.

Managing Severe Tetanus without Ventilation Support in a Resource-limited Setting in Bangladesh.

Tetanus, a vaccine-preventable and potentially fatal disease, continues to remain prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, physicians are often unfamiliar with management of severe tetanus without ventilator support. Therefore, we proposed a modified treatment protocol that provides a low-cost and effective solution for the management of severe tetanus in resource-constrained settings.

Case Report: Treatment of Widespread Nodular Post kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis with Extended-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B in Bangladesh: A Series of Four Cases.

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a skin manifestation which usually appears after visceral leishmaniasis. It is now proved that PKDL patients serve as a reservoir for anthropometric leishmanial transmission. Hence, to achieve the kala-azar elimination target set by the World Health Organization in the Indian Subcontinent, PKDL cases should be given priority.

AmBisome Induced Avascular Necrosis of the Alae of the Nose of a very young girl suffering from Kala-azar - a Case Report.

Although liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) is considered as the first-line treatment for New Kala-azar, there is not enough evidence on the dosage formulation in children and its effect on them. Being considered as the safest drug for treatment of Kala-azar, this case of AmBisome-induced avascular necrosis now gives rise to the question; whether it is actually safe enough and if a dosage modification is needed in case of children. This so far, to the best of our knowledge, is the first instance of such severe adverse event due to AmBisome administration.

A Study on Health Seeking Behaviors of Patients of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis.

Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) remains a major public health threat in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Surya Kanta Kala azar Research Centre (SKKRC), Mymensingh, from January 2012 to July 2013 to evaluate the health seeking behaviour and the length of delay of PKDL management. The consecutive 200 diagnosed PKDL cases that got treatment in SKKRC hospital were subjected to evaluation.

Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Recurrence in the Setting of Negative Splenic Smears.

This report presents two cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) recurrence where the microscopy of the splenic smear failed in diagnosis. However, a strong clinical suspicion compelled further evaluation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which validated the etiology. This short report highlights the usefulness of PCR in diagnosing cases of suspected smear-negative VL recurrence.

Rabies in South Asia: fighting for elimination.

South Asia is regarded as the hot spot for the tourist and travelers. Unfortunately, three big countries (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) of this region belong to top five rabies endemic countries of the world. Around 55,000 people die of rabies every year globally and 45% of them belong to South and South East Asia.

Immediate hypersensitivity reaction following liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome) infusion.

Liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome) is now becoming first choice for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) patients due to high efficacy and less toxicity. The reported incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome), especially during therapy, is very rare. We report two patients with kala-azar: one developed breathing difficulties and hypotension followed by shock and the other had facial angioedema with chest tightness during treatment.

Is serum zinc level associated with prediabetes and diabetes?: a cross-sectional study from Bangladesh.

Aims: To determine serum zinc level and other relevant biological markers in normal, prediabetic and diabetic individuals and their association with Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) parameters.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and December 2009. Any patient aged ≥ 30 years attending the medicine outpatient department of a medical university hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh and who had a blood glucose level ordered by a physician was eligible to participate.