Benzodiazepine misuse and alcohol co-use in college student drinkers: Motives and adverse mental health outcomes.

Objective: Benzodiazepine misuse is most common in young adults, can occur simultaneously with other substance use (i.e., co-use), and lead to adverse outcomes.

Does Stimulant Medication Status Moderate the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms and Rumination?

Previous research suggests that college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are at risk for experiencing ruminative thinking. Although research has shown that stimulant medications reduce ADHD symptoms, no research has looked at whether stimulant medication moderates the association between ADHD symptoms and rumination. Given this gap in the literature, the current study examined whether stimulant medication status moderates the association between ADHD symptoms and rumination.

Examining Patterns and Predictors of ADHD Teens' Skill-Learning Trajectories During Enhanced FOrward Concentration and Attention Learning (FOCAL+) Training.

Objective: Examine patterns and predictors of skill learning during multisession Enhanced rward oncentration and ttention earning (FOCAL+) training.

Background: FOCAL+ teaches teens to reduce the duration of off-road glances using real-time error learning. In a randomized controlled trial, teens with ADHD received five sessions of FOCAL+ training and demonstrated significant reductions in extended glances (>2-s) away from the roadway (i.

Executive Functioning as a Predictor of Adverse Driving Outcomes in Teen Drivers With ADHD.

Objective: The present study examined the association between executive functioning (EF) and risky driving behaviors in teens with ADHD.

Method: Teens diagnosed with ADHD ( = 179;  = 17.4 years) completed two 15-min drives in a fixed-base driving simulator.

Trial of Training to Reduce Driver Inattention in Teens with ADHD.

Background: Teens with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for motor vehicle collisions. A computerized skills-training program to reduce long glances away from the roadway, a contributor to collision risk, may ameliorate driving risks among teens with ADHD.

Methods: We evaluated a computerized skills-training program designed to reduce long glances (lasting ≥2 seconds) away from the roadway in drivers 16 to 19 years of age with ADHD.

ADHD and dangerous driving in emerging adults: The moderating role of family climate for road safety.

Dangerous driving accounts for 95% of driving fatalities among emerging adults. Emerging adult drivers exhibiting symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at greater risk for motor vehicle crashes and engaging in unsafe driving practices; however, not all individuals with ADHD symptoms exhibit such risk. Several studies have found that drivers' perceptions of their family's values and priorities related to driving practices predict driving outcomes among emerging adults; these factors have not been examined in the context of ADHD symptomology.

Changes in secondary outcomes associated with brief interventions for problem gambling in methadone patients.

Background: Patients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) with problem gambling (PG) experience worse psychosocial outcomes than their non-PG counterparts. Interventions targeting PG in MMT may enhance psychosocial functioning beyond gambling reduction and abstinence. The present study was a secondary data analysis that examined the trajectories of non-gambling outcomes of three brief PG interventions (i.

Detecting feigned symptoms of depression, anxiety, and ADHD, in college students with the structured inventory of malingered symptomatology.

Objective: Research consistently shows how easily students can feign symptoms of ADHD on self-report checklists to determine eligibility for curricular and standardized testing accommodations. However, it is unclear how easily students can feign psychological symptoms to accesses academic accommodations, making the assessment of symptom validity important in both populations.

Method: Using a between-subjects design, 75 college students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) coached feigning of ADHD, (2) coached feigning of depression and anxiety (DA), and (3) honest responding (HR).

Factor structure of the family climate for road safety scale in emerging adults in the United States.

The Family Climate for Road Safety Scale (FCRSS) was developed to measure parenting behaviors specific to the driving context. The original validation study found a scale structure composed of seven factors. However, this structure has not been consistently replicated.

Sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD symptoms in relation to task-unrelated thought: Examining unique links with mind-wandering and rumination.

Recent theoretical and empirical evidence highlights associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and task-unrelated thought, including mind-wandering and rumination. However, it has been hypothesized that sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), characterized by daydreaming and staring behaviors, may uniquely relate to task-unrelated thought. The purpose of the present study was to test whether SCT symptoms are associated with greater mind-wandering and rumination, and whether this association remains when controlling for ADHD and internalizing symptoms.

Sluggish cognitive tempo and positive valence systems: Unique relations with greater reward valuation but less willingness to work.

Background: Research has started conceptualizing sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), but no study has tested SCT symptomatology in relation to the positive valence systems.

Methods: Participants (N = 4,679; 18-29 years; M = 19.08, SD = 1.

Effects of Childhood and Adult Persistent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Risk of Motor Vehicle Crashes: Results From the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: To determine motor vehicle crash (MVC) risk in adults with a history of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and persistent ADHD symptoms.

Method: Participants with (n = 441) and without (n = 239; local normative comparison group) childhood ADHD from the Multimodal Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA) Study were included. Participants provided self-reports on total number of MVCs they had been involved in and the time of licensure.

Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS): Validation in a Large Multisite College Sample.

Despite the importance of daily life executive functioning (EF) for college students' success, few measures exist that have been validated in college students specifically. This study examined the factor structure of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) in college students. Participants were 1,311 students (ages 18-28 years, 65% female) from five universities in the United States.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Personality: Links to BIS/BAS Sensitivity and the Five Factor Model.

We evaluated sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms in relation to personality as assessed via both the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (BIS/BAS) and Five Factor (Big 5) Model of personality. 3,172 students from five universities completed psychopathology, BIS/BAS, and Big 5 measures. Correlations and path models with SCT, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dimensions, and anxiety/depression in relation to personality were examined.

Family environment moderates the relation of sluggish cognitive tempo to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention and depression.

Objectives: The current study investigated whether a maladaptive family environment would moderate the strength of the relations of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention (ADHD-IN) and to depressive symptoms in a large sample of college students.

Methods: Participants (n = 3,172), between the ages of 18-29 (M ± SD  = 19.24 ± 1.

Factor Structure and Criterion Validity of the Five Cs Model of Positive Youth Development in a Multi-University Sample of College Students.

There is growing recognition that clinical and developmental outcomes will be optimized by interventions that harness strengths in addition to ameliorating deficits. Although empirically-supported methods for identifying strengths are available for children and adolescents, this framework has yet to be applied to emerging adulthood. This study evaluates the nature of the Five Cs model of Positive Youth Development (PYD) - character, confidence, competence, connection, and caring - in a sample of emerging adults from six universities (N = 4654; 70% female; 81% White).

The influence of anxiety sensitivity on opioid use disorder treatment outcomes.

Given the high rates of relapse among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), it is crucial to identify modifiable risk factors for negative treatment outcomes. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is 1 such risk factor that may be associated with negative OUD treatment outcomes. The present study examined the potential impact of AS on the withdrawal process, subsequent treatment engagement, and relapse among individuals with OUD.

Sleep in a large, multi-university sample of college students: sleep problem prevalence, sex differences, and mental health correlates.

Objectives: To (1) describe sleep problems in a large, multi-university sample of college students; (2) evaluate sex differences; and (3) examine the unique associations of mental health symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention [ADHD-IN], ADHD hyperactivity-impulsivity [ADHD-HI]) in relation to sleep problems.

The Use of Stimulant Medication to Treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Elite Athletes: A Performance and Health Perspective.

The use of stimulants as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among elite athletes is a controversial area with some arguing that stimulant use should not be permitted because it offers an advantage to athletes (fair play perspective). Guided by an integrated model of athletic performance, we address common concerns raised about stimulant use in sports from our perspective, which we coined the "performance and health perspective," highlighting relevant research and pointing to gaps in empirical research that should be addressed before bans on use of stimulants for athletes with ADHD are considered. The current article posits that a stimulant ban for athletes with ADHD does not necessarily facilitate fair play, ensure safety, or align with existing policies of large governing bodies.

Sluggish cognitive tempo in adults: Psychometric validation of the Adult Concentration Inventory.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 30(3) of (see record 2017-30273-001). In the article, the Table 1 item content was incorrectly ordered. The table, as well as text referencing Table 1 in the Results and Discussion, have been corrected in all versions of this article.

Honing in on the Social Difficulties Associated With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Children: Withdrawal, Peer Ignoring, and Low Engagement.

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms are associated with social difficulties in children, though findings are mixed and many studies have used global measures of social impairment. The present study tested the hypothesis that SCT would be uniquely associated with aspects of social functioning characterized by withdrawal and isolation, whereas attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms would be uniquely associated with aspects of social functioning characterized by inappropriate responding in social situations and active peer exclusion. Participants were 158 children (70% boys) between 7-12 years of age being evaluated for possible ADHD.

Effect of sleep extension on sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms and driving behavior in adolescents with chronic short sleep.

Objective/background: Few adolescents report obtaining adequate amounts of sleep. Correlational studies have linked adolescent short sleep with driving crashes and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), a cluster of symptoms that include sluggishness and low persistence that are related to but distinct from inattention and sleepiness. The relationship between SCT and driving is understudied, and no study has experimentally examined the relationship between SCT and sleep.

Exploration of the Factor Structure of ADHD in Adolescence through Self, Parent, and Teacher Reports of Symptomatology.

Factor analytic studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults have shown that second-order and bifactor models better represent ADHD symptoms than two- or three-factor models, yet there is far less evidence for a bestfitting model of ADHD in adolescence. Thus, the current study examined the factor structure of ADHD in adolescence and further evaluated the external validity of the best fitting model. Participants were 588 adolescents (22 % female; 366 with a childhood ADHD diagnosis; mean age 15.