A qualitative exploration of parents' experiences of infant and toddler sleep and feeding during the United Kingdom COVID-19 lockdown(s).

COVID-19 restrictions had a significant impact on family life, including daily activities and routines. This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's sleep and feeding behaviours, through undertaking reflexive thematic analysis of parents' open-text box responses to survey questions related to their child's sleep and feeding practices during COVID-19 restrictions. Six hundred and ninety one parents of children aged 0-24 months old who were living in the United Kingdom completed an online questionnaire between 14th December 2020 and 15th January 2021.

Impact of sleep on attention in primary school-aged autistic children: Exploratory cross-cultural comparison between Singapore and UK children.

Background: There is a growing body of research studying the impact sleep has on attention among typically developing (TD) children, but research is lacking among autistic children.

Aims: The present study aimed to explore, for the first time, differences in (1) attention, (2) sleep parameters among primary school-aged Singaporean autistic children (N = 26) and Singaporean TD children (N = 20), and with UK autistic (N = 11) and UK TD children (N = 16), and (3) the impact of sleep on attention.

Methods And Procedures: Actigraphy was used to objectively assess sleep, and a Continuous Performance Task was used to measure attentional domains.

Sleep-disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness predict children's reading ability.

Background: Sleep problems are common in children and are known to detrimentally affect language and cognitive abilities, as well as academic achievement.

Aims: We aimed to investigate effects of sleep on oral word and non-word reading in a large, cross-sectional sample of children.

Sample: Of 428 children who attended a public psychological science event, 339 children aged 4-14 years (mean 8;10 ± 2;2) took part.

Breastfeeding Experiences During the COVID-19 Lockdown in the United Kingdom: An Exploratory Study Into Maternal Opinions and Emotional States.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has hugely impacted upon people's psychological and physical wellbeing; however, the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on mothers of young children, with particular regard to breastfeeding, are unknown.

Research Aims: To explore: (1) Sources of advice and support available to breastfeeding mothers during and prior to the COVID-19 lockdown; (2) Mothers' opinions on statements and recommendations made by the World Health Organization on the importance of breastfeeding and breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) Maternal emotional states (i.e.

Sleep Disturbances and Patterns in Children With Neurodevelopmental Conditions.

Children with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDC) often experience sleep problems which are long-lasting and more complex than typically developing children. These sleep problems impact their families and there is little guidance for management specifically for sleep for families of children with neurodevelopmental conditions. The present study aims to use parental report to evaluate sleep disturbances and sleep patterns in a large sample of children with NDC.

Sleep and Cognition in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).

Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience significantly higher rates of sleep disturbances than their typically developing peers. However, little is known about the association between sleep and the cognitive phenotype in these clinical populations. Structural damage affecting cortical and subcortical connectivity occurs as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure in children with FASD, whilst it is believed an abundance of short-range connectivity explains the phenotypic manifestations of childhood ASD.

Drug GRADE: An Integrated Analysis of Population Growth and Cell Death Reveals Drug-Specific and Cancer Subtype-Specific Response Profiles.

When evaluating anti-cancer drugs, two different measurements are used: relative viability, which scores an amalgam of proliferative arrest and cell death, and fractional viability, which specifically scores the degree of cell killing. We quantify relationships between drug-induced growth inhibition and cell death by counting live and dead cells using quantitative microscopy. We find that most drugs affect both proliferation and death, but in different proportions and with different relative timing.

Early manifestation of sleep problems in toddlers with Williams Syndrome using a mixed method longitudinal approach.

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders commonly experience sleep problems. Williams Syndrome (WS), a rare genetic disorder characterised by a complex, uneven cognitive profile, is no exception. Compared with children with typical development (TD), school-aged children with WS experience significant sleep disruption: shorter sleep duration, more night wakings, greater bedtime resistance and excessive daytime tiredness.

Psychometric Properties and Predictive Value of a Screening Questionnaire for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Young Children With Down Syndrome.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in children with Down syndrome (DS) and is associated with adverse health and cognitive outcomes. Daytime clinical assessment is poorly predictive of OSA, so regular screening with sleep studies is recommended. However, sleep studies are costly and not available to all children worldwide.

Drug antagonism and single-agent dominance result from differences in death kinetics.

Cancer treatment generally involves drugs used in combinations. Most previous work has focused on identifying and understanding synergistic drug-drug interactions; however, understanding antagonistic interactions remains an important and understudied issue. To enrich for antagonism and reveal common features of these combinations, we screened all pairwise combinations of drugs characterized as activators of regulated cell death.

Sleep disturbance as a predictor of anxiety in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and typically developing children.

Background: High levels of anxiety and sleep problems are common features of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). The strong association between sleep and anxiety has been documented in typically developing (TD) populations and is thought to be bidirectional. The association between sleep and anxiety in children with FASD has not yet been examined.

Sleep in infants and toddlers with Down syndrome compared to typically developing peers: looking beyond snoring.

Aims: To compare sleep in infants and toddlers with Down syndrome (DS) to typically developing controls, including differences in snoring and sleep ecology (sleep setting and parent behaviors).

Methods: Parents of 104 children with DS and 489 controls aged 6-36 months completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ). We explored group differences, controlling for demographic variables.

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Contributes to Executive Function Impairment in Young Children with Down Syndrome.

Objective/background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) commonly experience difficulties with executive function (EF). They are also vulnerable to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is associated with EF deficits in typically developing children.

A Cross-Syndrome Comparison of Sleep-Dependent Learning on a Cognitive Procedural Task.

Sleep plays a key role in the consolidation of newly acquired information and skills into long term memory. Children with Down syndrome (DS) and Williams syndrome (WS) frequently experience sleep problems, abnormal sleep architecture, and difficulties with learning; thus, we predicted that children from these clinical populations would demonstrate impairments in sleep-dependent memory consolidation relative to children with typical development (TD) on a cognitive procedural task: The Tower of Hanoi. Children with DS ( = 17), WS ( = 22) and TD ( = 34) completed the Tower of Hanoi task.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised-designed GABA tea study in children diagnosed with autism spectrum conditions: a feasibility study clinical trial registration: ISRCTN 72571312.

The research has shown an association with sensorimotor integration and symptomology of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). Specific areas of the brain that are involved in sensorimotor integration, such as the cerebellum and basal ganglia, are pathologically different in individuals with ASC in comparison to typically developing (TD) peers. These brain regions contain GABAergic inhibitory neurons that release an inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Cardiorespiratory sleep studies at home: experience in research and clinical cohorts.

Objective: To evaluate the success rates of home cardiorespiratory polygraphy in children under investigation for sleep-disordered breathing and parent perspectives on equipment use at home.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Sheffield, Evelina London and Southampton Children's Hospitals.

Home oximetry to screen for obstructive sleep apnoea in Down syndrome.

Objective: Children with Down syndrome are at high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and screening is recommended. Diagnosis of OSA should be confirmed with multichannel sleep studies. We aimed to determine whether home pulse oximetry (HPO) discriminates children at high risk of OSA, who need further diagnostic multichannel sleep studies.

Supernatural Belief Is Not Modulated by Intuitive Thinking Style or Cognitive Inhibition.

According to the Intuitive Belief Hypothesis, supernatural belief relies heavily on intuitive thinking-and decreases when analytic thinking is engaged. After pointing out various limitations in prior attempts to support this Intuitive Belief Hypothesis, we test it across three new studies using a variety of paradigms, ranging from a pilgrimage field study to a neurostimulation experiment. In all three studies, we found no relationship between intuitive or analytical thinking and supernatural belief.

Prevalence and predictors of obstructive sleep apnoea in young children with Down syndrome.

Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) are vulnerable to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) because of their unique craniofacial anatomy and hypotonia. Understanding the predictors of OSA in DS may enable targeted screening.

Methods: Children with DS (n = 202) aged from six months to below six years (110 boys) were recruited from three UK children's hospitals.