Effects of norfluoxetine on mRNA expression levels, cellular defense mechanisms and histopathological alterations in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus (Mytilidae).

Norfluoxetine (NFLU) belongs to the most commonly found antidepressants in the aquatic environments worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the multi-level biological response in the gills and digestive system of Mytilus trossulus exposed to 500 ng/L NFLU over six days. In mussels exposed to NFLU, catalase activity was significantly lower (3.

Seasonal anti-androgen activity in the brackish Baltic waters in relation to the gene expression profiles of the blue mussel Mytilus trossulus.

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) in aquatic environments pose significant risks to marine organisms, affecting critical physiological processes such as reproduction, metabolism, and stress responses. The Baltic Sea, with its high anthropogenic pressure and unique ecological conditions, is particularly vulnerable to EDs contamination. Our study aimed to evaluate the endocrine-disrupting, metabolism-impairing, and cytotoxic effects of water samples collected seasonally from a sewage treatment plant outlet in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Poland).

Persistence of norfluoxetine in marine mussels.

The concentration of pharmaceuticals in coastal waters is tending towards increasing due to a shift of the human population into coastal zones. In parallel, the number of prescriptions of antidepressants, mainly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), is constantly growing. Most of the SSRI is metabolised into active compounds; for instance, norfluoxetine (NFLU) is the main active metabolite of fluoxetine.

Oxytetracycline-induced inflammatory process without oxidative stress in blue mussels Mytilus trossulus.

Potentially harmful compounds including pharmaceuticals are commonly found in marine waters and sediments. Amongst those, antibiotics and their metabolites are detected worldwide in various abiotic (at concentrations as high as µg/L) and biotic matrices at ng/gram of tissue, posing a risk to non-target species exposed to them such as blue mussels. Amongst those, oxytetracycline (OTC) belongs to the most detected antibiotics in the marine environment.

The impact of various carbon nanomaterials on the morphological, behavioural, and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout in the early life stages.

With the increasing production and the number of potential applications of carbon nanomaterials, mainly from the graphene family, their release into the natural environment, especially to aquatic ecosystems, is inevitable. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of various carbon nanomaterials (graphene nanoflakes (GNF), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and silicon carbide nanofibers (NFSiC) in the concentration of 4 mg L on the early life stages of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The survival rates of O.

Bivalves Transmissible Neoplasia: Biochemical Aspects of Contagious Cancer in a Clam Macoma Balthica.

Background/aims: Occurring in marine invertebrates infectious haemic neoplasia (bivalves transmissible neoplasia, BTN) arises from genome instabilities leading to multilevel malfunctions and unregulated cell division of presumably haemocyte precursors. As its biochemical characterisation remains unknown, we here present the first data describing selected aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of the disease a in model clam Macoma balthica. We chose free amino acids (FAA) composition, mitochondrial respiration and enzymatic activity, oxidative stress enzymes activities and corticosteroids profile as markers of this contagious cancer.

Do magnetic fields related to submarine power cables affect the functioning of a common bivalve?

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) and electromagnetic field (EMF), of values usually recorded near submarine cables, on the bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity in the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum. Bivalves maintained a positive energy balance, but the filtration rate and energy available for individual production were significantly lower in SMF-exposed animals compared to the control treatment. No changes in the respiration were noted but ammonia excretion rate was significantly lower after exposure to EMF.

Microplastics cause neurotoxicity and decline of enzymatic activities in important bioturbator Hediste diversicolor.

Microplastics (MPs) tend to accumulate in marine sediments thus benthic fauna is particularly vulnerable to microplastic pollution. Hediste diversicolor is a widespread species in coastal marine sediments. It plays key ecological functions mostly related to bioturbation process which means sediment reworking due to the worm burrowing activity and building a network of galleries.

Horizontal transmission of disseminated neoplasia in the widespread clam Macoma balthica from the Southern Baltic Sea.

Disseminated neoplasia (DN) is one of the most challenging and unrecognised diseases occurring in aquatic fauna. It has been diagnosed in four bivalve species from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea) with the highest frequency in Macoma balthica (formerly Limecola balthica), reaching up to 94% in some populations. The aetiology of DN in the Baltic Sea has not yet been identified, with earlier studies trying to link its occurrence with environmental pollution.

Effects of different types of primary microplastics on early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Plastic pollution is recognized as serious threat to aquatic organisms. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of environmentally realistic concentrations of various microplastics (MPs) on survival, growth, development and induction of endocrine, geno- and cytotoxic responses in the early life stages of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish were exposed for 69-days, from embryos at eyed-stage to mobile yolk-sac larvae, to pre-production pellets (3000 μm; polystyrene - PS and polyethylene terephthalate - PET).

Oil-mediated oxidative-stress responses in a keystone zooplanktonic species, Calanus finmarchicus.

The copepod Calanus finmarchicus is an ecologically important species in the North Atlantic, Norwegian and Barents seas. Accidental or continuous petroleum pollution from oil and gas production in these seas may pose a significant threat to this low trophic level keystone species. Responses related to oxidative stress, protein damage and lipid peroxidation were investigated in C.

Cellular level response of the bivalve Limecola balthica to seawater acidification due to potential CO leakage from a sub-seabed storage site in the southern Baltic Sea: TiTank experiment at representative hydrostatic pressure.

Understanding of biological responses of marine fauna to seawater acidification due to potential CO leakage from sub-seabed storage sites has improved recently, providing support to CCS environmental risk assessment. Physiological responses of benthic organisms to ambient hypercapnia have been previously investigated but rarely at the cellular level, particularly in areas of less common geochemical and ecological conditions such as brackish water and/or reduced oxygen levels. In this study, CO-related responses of oxygen-dependent, antioxidant and detoxification systems as well as markers of neurotoxicity and acid-base balance in the Baltic clam Limecola balthica from the Baltic Sea were quantified in 50-day experiments.

Do the graphene nanoflakes pose a potential threat to the polychaete Hediste diversicolor?

Graphene is a promising material with a wide range of future applications that could potentially lead to its transfer from numerous water and terrestrial sources to the sea, thus fate and effects of graphene in the marine ecosystem deserve attention. Within this work, the impact of the short- and long-term exposure (36 h and 24 days) of the marine benthic polychaete Hediste diversicolor to various concentrations (36 h: 0.4, 4, 40 and 400 mg L; 24 days: 4 and 40 mg L) of the pristine graphene multilayer nanoflakes (of thickness 8-12 nm) was investigated.

Effects of chronic exposure to microplastics of different polymer types on early life stages of sea trout Salmo trutta.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a long-term (113 days) exposure to microplastics on the development and induction of endocrine, geno- and cytotoxic responses in early life stages of sea trout Salmo trutta. Microplastic particles (3000 μm) of three most commonly mass-produced polymers (polystyrene - PS, polyethylene terephthalate - PET and polyethylene - PE) were applied in environmentally realistic concentrations (0.1% of sediment dry weight) in a laboratory experiment imitating the natural environment, typical for sea trout spawning grounds.

Aromatisation of steroids in the bivalve .

In this study, we demonstrated the presence of the enzymatic complex able to perform aromatization (estrogen synthesis) in both, the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of gills and gonads from . Based on in vitro experiments, we highlighted the importance of temperature as the limiting factor of aromatisation efficiency (AE) in mussels. After testing range of temperatures (4-23 °C), the highest AE was found during incubation at 8 °C and pH 7.

Changes in steroid profiles of the blue mussel Mytilus trossulus as a function of season, stage of gametogenesis, sex, tissue and mussel bed depth.

This paper describes changes in the content of free steroid hormones e.g. testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E2), estrone (E1) and estriol (E3) of Mytilus trossulus from the southern Baltic Sea as a function of season, stage of gametogenesis, sex, tissue (gonadal and somatic) and depth.

Acute hydrogen peroxide (HO) exposure does not cause oxidative stress in late-copepodite stage of Calanus finmarchicus.

Use of hydrogen peroxide (HO) for removal of salmon lice in the aquaculture industry has created concern that non-target organisms might be affected during treatment scenarios. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential for HO to produce oxidative stress and reduce survival in one of the most abundant zooplankton species in Norwegian coastal areas, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Copepods were subjected to two 96-hr tests: (1) acute toxicity test where mortality was determined and (2) treated copepods were exposed to concentrations below the No Observed Effect Concentration (0.

Elevated gonadal atresia as biomarker of endocrine disruptors: Field and experimental studies using Mytilus trossulus (L.) and 17-alpha ethinylestradiol (EE2).

In the present work we compared the type and frequency of gonadal abnormalities among Mytilus trossulus populations from the Gulf of Gdańsk, Baltic Sea. Observed histopathologies were grouped as regressive changes (RC, gonadal atresia (GA) and regression (GR)), progressive changes (PC, gonadal tumors) and intersex. Sex-based and spatial differences in frequency of RC were found, with the highest frequency of RC and PC found in mussels from polluted station B followed by mussels from station A located near a purification plant outlet.

Sex-related differences in steroid concentrations in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) from the southern Baltic Sea.

This paper reports on sex-related differences in free steroid hormone concentrations including the concentrations of three naturally occurring estrogens (17β-estradiol E2, estrone E1, and estriol E3) and one androgen (testosterone T) in the tissues (gills and gonads) of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis trossulus sampled from the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea, Poland). The dissimilarity in steroid concentrations between tissues was particularly evident in the T concentration with a level in gills almost three times higher compared to gonads (on average, 15.38 ng/g w.

Melatonin enhances antioxidant action of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate against NADPH- and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in human placental mitochondria.

Human placental mitochondria might be a significant source of NADPH- and iron-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Preeclampsia is believed to be a consequence of overproduction of ROS in human placenta. The experimental results presented here show that melatonin inhibits NADPH- and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation of human placental mitochondria in a concentration-dependent manner.

Increased migratory properties of aortal smooth muscle cells exposed to calcitriol in culture.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol) on SMC (smooth muscle cell) migration, especially in the context to atherogenesis. SMCs were obtained from the aortas of newborn Wistar rats by enzymatic digestion. Different aspects of cell behavior during migration in culture were examined by phase contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopy (TEM, SEM) and supported by flow cytometric and biochemical analyses.

NADPH- and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation inhibit aromatase activity in human placental microsomes.

During pregnancy placenta is the most significant source of lipid hydroperoxides and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased production of lipid peroxides and other ROS is often linked to pre-eclampsia. It is already proved that placental endoplasmic reticulum may be an important place of lipid peroxides and superoxide radical production.