Implementation of a CAR-T cell therapy program in India.

Introduction: CAR-T cell therapy has changed the treatment paradigm for hematological malignancies, offering a curative potential for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. India, with its significant burden of hematological malignancies, faces unique challenges in implementing this therapy. The development of indigenous CAR-T cells has reduced costs substantially, but barriers remain, including limited manufacturing capacity, relatively high costs, and logistical constraints.

Environmental and clinical impacts of antibiotics' sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations on the development of resistance in acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a critical nosocomial and environmental pathogen associated with high mortality rates and alarming levels of antibiotic resistance. The World Health Organization has classified A. baumannii as a top-priority pathogen due to its ability to rapidly acquire and disseminate resistance mechanisms.

Whole genome sequencing revealed high occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria isolated from poultry manure.

Background: Global demand for food has driven expansion and intensification of livestock production, particularly in developing nations where antibiotic use is often routine. Waste from poultry production, including manure, is commonly utilized as fertilizers in agroecosystems, risking environmental contamination with potentially zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs).

Methods: Here, 33 bacterial isolates were recovered from broiler (n = 17) and layer (n = 16) chicken manure by aerobic culture using Luria Bertani agar.

Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations in ceftazidime exacerbate the formation of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms.

Associated with nosocomial infections, the environmental Gram-negative coccobacillus A. baumannii leads to various kinds of high mortality-rate infections among which pneumonias mainly in immune-compromised people from health-care facilities. A critical component of the current antibiotic resistance problem is the presence of antibiotics sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) in a variety of natural settings including drinking water, sewage water, rivers, lakes, and natural sludge.

Omics-centric evidences of fipronil biodegradation by Rhodococcus sp. FIP_B3.

The widespread use of the pesticide fipronil in domestic and agriculture sectors has resulted in its accumulation across the environment. Its use to assure food security has inadvertently affected soil microbiome composition, fertility and, ultimately, human health. Degradation of residual fipronil present in the environment using specific microbial species is a promising strategy for its removal.

Antimicrobial resistance in plant endophytes associated with poultry-manure application revealed by selective culture and whole genome sequencing.

Poultry manure is widely used as organic fertilizer in agriculture during the cultivation of crops, but the persistent high-level use of antibiotics in poultry production has raised concerns about the selection for reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Previous studies have shown that the addition of poultry manure can increase the abundance of genes associated with resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin in soil and plants. Understanding the microbial populations that harbor these ARGs is important to identify microorganisms that could enter the human food chain.

Insights into the biodegradation of fipronil through soil microcosm-omics analyses of Pseudomonas sp. FIP_ A4.

Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide, is used to kill insects resistant to conventional insecticides. Though its regular and widespread use has substantially reduced agricultural losses, it has also caused its accumulation in various environmental niches. The biodegradation is an effective natural process that helps in reducing the amount of residual insecticides.

Biodegradation of fipronil: molecular characterization, degradation kinetics, and metabolites.

Fipronil (CHClFNOS) is a commonly used insecticide effective against numerous insects and pests. Its immense application poses harmful effects on various non-target organisms as well. Therefore, searching the effective methods for the degradation of fipronil is imperative and logical.

Biodegradation of fipronil: Molecular characterization, degradation kinetics, and metabolites.

Fipronil (C12H4Cl2F6N4OS), is a commonly used insecticide effective against numerous insects and pests. Its immense application poses harmful effects on various non-target organisms as well. Therefore, searching the effective methods for the degradation of fipronil is imperative and logical.

Air quality and health co-benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions by 2030: an interdisciplinary modeling study in Ahmedabad, India.

Climate change-driven temperature increases worsen air quality in places where coal combustion powers electricity for air conditioning. Climate solutions that substitute clean and renewable energy in place of polluting coal and promote adaptation to warming through reflective cool roofs can reduce cooling energy demand in buildings, lower power sector carbon emissions, and improve air quality and health. We investigate the air quality and health co-benefits of climate solutions in Ahmedabad, India-a city where air pollution levels exceed national health-based standards-through an interdisciplinary modeling approach.

A convenient synthesis of -(hetero)arylamides by the oxidative coupling of methylheteroarenes with amines.

An oxidative amidation of 2-methylpyridines/2-methylbenzimidazole with amines using copper acetate and elemental sulfur in DMSO to afford various -(hetero)arylamides has been accomplished. Mechanistic studies reveal the intermediacy of -(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline and confirm the role of DMSO as the oxygen source.

Climate change and 2030 cooling demand in Ahmedabad, India: opportunities for expansion of renewable energy and cool roofs.

Most of India's current electricity demand is met by combustion of fossil fuels, particularly coal. But the country has embarked on a major expansion of renewable energy and aims for half of its electricity needs to be met by renewable sources by 2030. As climate change-driven temperature increases continue to threaten India's population and drive increased demand for air conditioning, there is a need to estimate the local benefits of policies that increase renewable energy capacity and reduce cooling demand in buildings.

Climate Change Adaptation: Prehospital Data Facilitate the Detection of Acute Heat Illness in India.

Introduction: Extreme heat is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and the incidence of acute heat illness (AHI) will likely increase secondary to anthropogenic climate change. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of AHI are critical; however, relevant diagnostic and surveillance tools have received little attention. In this exploratory cross-sectional and diagnostic accuracy study, we evaluated three tools for use in the prehospital setting: 1) case definitions; 2) portable loggers to measure on-scene heat exposure; and 3) prevalence data for potential AHI risk factors.

Synthesis of 3-acylindoles via copper-mediated oxidative decarbethoxylation of ethyl arylacetates.

An efficient regioselective C-3 acylation of free indoles (N-H) has been accomplished via oxidative decarbethoxylation of easily available ethyl arylacetates using Cu(OAc)2 and KOtBu in DMSO.

Cu-Catalysed oxidative amidation of cinnamic acids/arylacetic acids with 2° amines: an efficient synthesis of α-ketoamides.

A new and convenient copper-catalysed synthesis of α-ketoamides has been accomplished using readily available cinnamic acids/arylacetic acids and 2° amines in an open atmosphere. The reaction between cinnamic acid and amine involves the formation of enamine followed by its aerobic oxidation, whereas the reaction of arylacetic acid with amine involves amide formation followed by benzylic methylene oxidation.

Building Resilience to Climate Change: Pilot Evaluation of the Impact of India's First Heat Action Plan on All-Cause Mortality.

Background: Ahmedabad implemented South Asia's first heat action plan (HAP) after a 2010 heatwave. This study evaluates the HAP's impact on all-cause mortality in 2014-2015 relative to a 2007-2010 baseline.

Methods: We analyzed daily maximum temperature ( )-mortality relationships before and after HAP.

Development of Ahmedabad's Air Information and Response (AIR) Plan to Protect Public Health.

Indian cities struggle with some of the highest ambient air pollution levels in the world. While national efforts are building momentum towards concerted action to reduce air pollution, individual cities are taking action on this challenge to protect communities from the many health problems caused by this harmful environmental exposure. In 2017, the city of Ahmedabad launched a regional air pollution monitoring and risk communication project, the Air Information and Response (AIR) Plan.

Development and implementation of South Asia's first heat-health action plan in Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India).

Recurrent heat waves, already a concern in rapidly growing and urbanizing South Asia, will very likely worsen in a warming world. Coordinated adaptation efforts can reduce heat's adverse health impacts, however. To address this concern in Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India), a coalition has been formed to develop an evidence-based heat preparedness plan and early warning system.

Heat-related mortality in India: excess all-cause mortality associated with the 2010 Ahmedabad heat wave.

Introduction: In the recent past, spells of extreme heat associated with appreciable mortality have been documented in developed countries, including North America and Europe. However, far fewer research reports are available from developing countries or specific cities in South Asia. In May 2010, Ahmedabad, India, faced a heat wave where the temperatures reached a high of 46.

A cross-sectional, randomized cluster sample survey of household vulnerability to extreme heat among slum dwellers in ahmedabad, india.

Extreme heat is a significant public health concern in India; extreme heat hazards are projected to increase in frequency and severity with climate change. Few of the factors driving population heat vulnerability are documented, though poverty is a presumed risk factor. To facilitate public health preparedness, an assessment of factors affecting vulnerability among slum dwellers was conducted in summer 2011 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.