Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing a Community and Faith-Based Intervention to Increase Eye Care Utilization in Black Americans.

Purpose: To identify the determinants to successfully implement a community-based intervention to increase eye care utilization in individuals at high-risk for eye diseases.

Design: Qualitative study with semi-structured interviews.

Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with community members in Detroit, Michigan at a trusted community site.

Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine Program: Impact on Vision, Follow-up, and Costs.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT) program on visual acuity (VA), vision-related quality of life (VRQOL), satisfaction, follow-up visit attendance, and costs among medically underserved participants receiving primary care at community health centers.

Design: Prospective cohort study with an embedded randomized controlled trial.

Participants: Adults ≥ age 18.

Time spent on eye disease screening, optical care, and care navigation within a federally qualified health center.

Purpose: To quantify time spent on eye disease screening, optical care, and care navigation tasks during the Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT) program at a federally qualified health center (FQHC) in Michigan, with the goal of anticipating workforce needs to inform the scalability of similar programs in low-resource settings.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Ophthalmic technicians recorded time spent with MI-SIGHT participants on eye disease screening tasks and optical care over 22 days from October 1 to October 31, 2023, and care navigation tasks over 22 days from December 4, 2023, to February 2, 2024.

Performance of Optic Disc Optical Coherence Tomography Normative Database in a Large, Diverse, Real-World Cohort.

Prcis: Current optical coherence tomography normative sample data may not represent the diversity of human optic nerve anatomy needed to accurately classify all individuals with true glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Purpose: To compare optic nerve head (ONH) measurements between published values from an optical coherence tomography (OCT) normative database and a larger, more diverse cohort of healthy individuals.

Patients And Methods: ONH parameters from healthy participants of the Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT) program and the Topcon Maestro-1 normative cohort were compared.

A Screening Strategy to Mitigate Vision Impairment by Engaging Adults Who Underuse Eye Care Services.

Importance: Underuse of eye care services leads to underdiagnosed and undertreated eye disease.

Objective: To assess the reasons for underuse of eye care and whether a novel, free eye disease screening program is engaging adults who are both at high risk of eye disease and were underusing eye care services.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In a population-based cross-sectional study, adult participants from the first year of the Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health Through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT) Program were included.

Neighborhood Poverty and Clinic Attendance in the Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health Through Telemedicine Program.

Prcis: Higher neighborhood-level poverty is associated with greater odds of missing a free eye disease screening appointment, underscoring the importance of community-based interventions to address upstream social determinants of health.

Purpose: To investigate the association between neighborhood-level characteristics and attendance for a free eye disease screening.

Methods: The MI-SIGHT program is conducted in 2 community clinics in Southeastern Michigan.

Place-Based Measures of Inequity and Vision Difficulty and Blindness.

Importance: Known social risk factors associated with poor visual and systemic health in the US include segregation, income inequality, and persistent poverty.

Objective: To investigate the association of vision difficulty, including blindness, in neighborhoods with measures of inequity (Theil H index, Gini index, and persistent poverty).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey and 2010 US census tracts as well as Theil H index, Gini index, and persistent poverty measures from PolicyMap.

Spatial Vision Inequalities: A Literature Review of the Impact of Place on Vision and Eye Health Outcomes.

"Neighborhood and built environment" is one of the five domains of social determinants of health that has been outlined by Healthy People 2030, and this domain impacts an individual's well-being, health, and quality of life. Social risk factors (SRFs) in the neighborhood and built environment domain include unstable or unsafe housing, poor access to transportation, lack of green spaces, pollution, safety concerns, and neighborhood measures of inequity. In this narrative literature review, we assess the relationship between neighborhood and built environment SRFs and eye health and vision outcomes.

Visual Impairment from Uncorrected Refractive Error among Participants in a Novel Program to Improve Eye Care Access among Low-Income Adults in Michigan.

Purpose: To assess the rate of visual impairment (VI) from uncorrected refractive error (URE) and associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors among low-income patients presenting to the Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT) program.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Adults ≥ 18 years without acute ocular symptoms.

Relationship between Unstable Housing, Food Insecurity, and Vision Status in the MI-SIGHT Community Eye Disease Screening Program.

Purpose: Housing and food insecurity are social risk factors that can impact eye health outcomes. This study investigated the association of these social risk factors with vision and ophthalmic pathologic characteristics.

Design: Cross-sectional study from July 28, 2020, through July 27, 2021, for the free clinic and January 27, 2021, through January 26, 2022, for the Federally Qualified Health Center.

Social Deprivation and the Risk of Screening Positive for Glaucoma in the MI-SIGHT Telemedicine-Based Glaucoma Detection Program.

Purpose: To assess whether increased poverty is associated with increased risk of screening positive for glaucoma or suspected glaucoma in a large public screening and intervention program.

Design: Cross-sectional study from 2020 to 2022.

Participants: Adults ≥ 18 years old without acute ocular symptoms.

Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health Through Telemedicine Program: First-Year Outcomes and Implementation Costs.

Purpose: The Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health Through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT) program aims to engage people who are at high risk of glaucoma; we assess first-year outcomes and costs.

Design: Clinical cohort study.

Methods: Participants ≥18 years of age were recruited from a free clinic and a federally qualified health center in Michigan.

Seeing Red: Associations between Historical Redlining and Present-Day Visual Impairment and Blindness.

Purpose: Redlining was a discriminatory housing policy in the United States that began in 1933 and denoted neighborhoods with high proportions of Black individuals as "undesirable" and a high risk for lending, which therefore excluded people from obtaining traditional insured mortgages to purchase a home. Simultaneously, realtors discouraged Black individuals from purchasing homes in predominantly non-Black neighborhoods. This resulted in decreased home ownership and wealth accumulation among Black individuals and neighborhoods with high proportions of Black individuals.

Engagement in the Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine Program: Comparing the Effect of Clinic versus Community-Based Recruitment Strategies.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of adding community-based recruitment to clinic-based recruitment to engage participants in a glaucoma detection program.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Subjects: Anyone ≥ 18 years of age who does not meet exclusion criteria.

Disparities in Vision Health and Eye Care.

Significant disparities in vision health and eye care exist. To achieve health equity, we must understand the root causes and drivers of health disparities and inequities, including social determinants of health and systemic racism.

Perceptions of Respect From Clinicians by Patients in Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups With Eye Disease.

Importance: The perception of being treated with respect by clinicians may be a driver of disparities in individuals in racial and ethnic minoritie groups with eye diseases. Understanding these drivers may help identify potential interventions to reduce eye health disparities to prevent vision loss and blindness.

Objective: To evaluate the association between racial and ethnic minority status and the perception of being treated with respect by clinicians.

Disparities in Eye Care Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between telemedicine utilization and sociodemographic factors among patients seeking eye care.

Design: Comparative utilization analysis.

Methods: We reviewed the eye care utilization patterns of a stratified random sample of 1720 patients who were seen at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 30 to May 25, 2020) and their odds of having a video, phone, or in-person visit compared with having a deferred visit.

Demographic, Clinical, and Psychosocial Predictors of Change in Medication Adherence in the Support, Educate, Empower Program.

Purpose: To investigate whether demographic, clinical, or psychosocial factors act as moderators of change in medication adherence in the Support, Educate, Empower (SEE) program.

Design: Prospective, single-arm pilot study with a pre-post design.

Participants: Patients with glaucoma aged ≥ 40 years and taking ≥ 1 glaucoma medication were recruited from the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center.

Longitudinal visual field variability and the ability to detect glaucoma progression in black and white individuals.

Background/aims: To investigate racial differences in the variability of longitudinal visual field testing in a 'real-world' clinical population, evaluate how these differences are influenced by socioeconomic status, and estimate the impact of differences in variability on the time to detect visual field progression.

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study used data from 1103 eyes from 751 White individuals and 428 eyes from 317 black individuals. Linear regression was performed on the standard automated perimetry mean deviation values for each eye over time.