Beyond Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Emerging Targets in Melanoma Therapy.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides a comprehensive update on recent advancements in melanoma treatment by highlighting promising therapeutics with an aim to increase awareness of novel interventions currently in development.

Recent Findings: Over the last decade there has been considerable expansion of the previously available treatment options for patients with melanoma. In particular, novel immunotherapeutics have been developed to expand on the clinical advancements brought by BRAF targeting and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Multiple primary melanoma in association with other personal and familial cancers.

Background: Multiple primary melanoma (MPM) is known to be associated with familial melanoma. However, the association between MPM and other personal and familial cancers is not well documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between MPM and personal history of other cancers or cancer history among first-degree relatives (FDRs).

Poorer survival outcomes in patients with multiple versus single primary melanoma.

Background: Given equivocal results related to overall survival (OS) for patients with multiple primary melanomas (MPMs) compared with those with single primary melanomas (SPMs) in previous reports, the authors sought to determine whether OS differs between these 2 cohorts in their center using their UPCI-96-99 database. Secondary aims were to assess the differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS). In a subset of patients, transcriptomic profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was performed to assess disease-associated genes of interest.

Pathways to specialising in animal welfare.

Safeguarding animal welfare is an important aspect of the day-to-day work of almost all veterinarians; however, only some choose to pursue specific postgraduate qualifications in this area. Andrew Knight describes some of the routes to specialisation that are available around the world, highlighting in particular how suitably experienced individuals can currently seek accreditation in Europe and the USA without undertaking a formal programme of study.