Longitudinal Associations between Well-Being and Academic Achievement throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: Testing the Moderating Role of Academic Stress among First-Generation and Continuing College Students.

First-generation and ethnic-racial minoritized college students experience greater academic disparities, but limited work has focused on intersectional experiences underlying academic achievement in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic over time. The current longitudinal study examined the associations between various forms of well-being (i.e.

A cross-disorder analysis of CNVs finds novel loci and dose-dependent relationships of genes to psychiatric traits.

Rare copy number variants (CNVs) are a key component of the genetic basis of psychiatric conditions, but have not been well characterized for most. We conducted a genome-wide CNV analysis across six diagnostic categories (N = 574,965): autism (ASD), ADHD, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), PTSD, and schizophrenia (SCZ). We identified 35 genome-wide significant associations at 18 loci, including novel associations in SCZ ( - ) and in the combined cross-disorder analysis ( ).

Psychiatric disorders converge on common pathways but diverge in cellular context, spatial distribution, and directionality of genetic effects.

Psychiatric conditions share common genes, but mechanisms that differentiate diagnoses remain unclear. We present a multidimensional framework for functional analysis of rare copy number variants (CNVs) across 6 diagnostic categories, including schizophrenia (SCZ), autism (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), depression (MDD), PTSD, and ADHD (N = 574,965). Using gene-set burden analysis (GSBA), we tested duplication (DUP) and deletion (DEL) burden across 2,645 functional gene sets defined by the intersections of pathways, cell types, and cortical regions.

A Call for Inclusion: Children With Intellectual Disabilities in Trauma Treatment Research.

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience disparities in mental health care despite experiencing increased exposure to trauma such as physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Studies have suggested that the exclusion of people with ID from medical research may contribute to disparities in health care. It is currently unknown to what extent children with ID are excluded from trauma treatment research.

Longitudinal predictors of alcohol use and problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in an at-risk veteran sample.

Individuals with pre-existing heavy alcohol use, prior traumatic exposures, and psychiatric disorders were considered an at-risk group for increased alcohol use and problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study recruited from a multi-centre longitudinal cohort study of US military service members/veterans with combat exposure to examine the trajectories of alcohol use and problems in the context of a prolonged stressor. Individuals who endorsed heavy drinking and completed a measure of PTSD symptoms prior to the pandemic were invited to participate in a longitudinal survey study at three time points, three months apart, during the second year of the pandemic.

Evaluation of a 20-Item Version of the Trauma-Related Drinking to Cope Questionnaire.

Objectives: This study sought to develop and psychometrically evaluate an expanded version of the Trauma-Related Drinking to Cope (TRD) scale, a four-item self-report tool, which was developed to address a crucial gap in self-medication research. Before the development of the TRD, no measures existed which assessed alcohol use for coping with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) specifically. Previous work showed that the TRD has strong psychometric properties and clinical utility in its ability to identify individuals with PTSD who may be at risk for developing comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD).

The Mediating Role of Social and Environmental Determinants of Health in the Association Between Race and Preterm Birth Risk.

To evaluate the mediating role of social and environmental determinants of health (SEDH) in the relationship between self-identified race and preterm birth risk. Data on birth outcomes and five broad domains of SEDH were obtained from the Pregnancy, Race, Environment, Genes study, a prospective cohort of pregnant women (50% Black American) in Richmond, Virginia. Configural consistency across racial groups for SEDH domains assessed multiple indicators was evaluated using unidimensional confirmatory factor models.

Childhood Trauma and are Associated with Adolescent Brain Function, Posttraumatic Stress, and Alcohol-related Outcomes.

Childhood trauma affects neurodevelopment and lifelong risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Changes in brain structures and function are observed in young carriers of , the genetic factor most associated with Alzheimer's disease. Longitudinal studies of , childhood trauma, and neural connectivity in adolescence have not been explored.

What is the role of paternal genetic transmission on risk for PTSD and internalizing and externalizing disorders?

Background: We utilize a novel contrastive genetic-epidemiological method, the Maternal Half-Sibling Families with Discordant Fathers (MHSFDF) design, to examine cross-generational genetic transmission of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related internalizing major depression (MD), and externalizing disorders: alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD).

Methods: Using Swedish national registries, we identified 72,467 maternal half-sibling pairs reared together whose biological fathers were discordant for the diagnoses of PTSD, MD, AUD, and DUD. Offspring selected had to have less than 1 year of contact with their affected fathers.

Associations between worry about mental and physical health and the use of face masks: Exploring discrimination as a moderator among Black Americans.

Given the disproportionate impact of COVID-19, it is important to understand factors that may underlie Black American emerging adults' adherence to safety guidelines that could potentially reduce spread of illness and hospitalization. The current study examined how COVID-19 worry about mental health (CWMH) and COVID-19 worry about physical health (CWPH) predicted use of face masks, and whether perceived discrimination moderated these relations. The sample included 164 Black American emerging adults, age 18-25 ( = 8.

Using genomic structural equation modeling to examine the genetic architecture of PTSD and life satisfaction phenotypes.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and life satisfaction phenotypes are inversely related on a phenotypic level. Given these established relations, researchers have begun to examine possible shared genetic contributions to these outcomes, though the existing genetic literature is sparse and examines these relations via univariate methods. We sought to examine the genetic architecture of PTSD and six life satisfaction and well-being phenotypes (i.

The impact of trauma and how to intervene: a narrative review of psychotraumatology over the past 15 years.

To mark 15 years of the European Journal of Psychotraumatology, editors reviewed the past 15-year years of research on trauma exposure and its consequences, as well as developments in (early) psychological, pharmacological and complementary interventions. In all sections of this paper, we provide perspectives on sex/gender aspects, life course trends, and cross-cultural/global and systemic societal contexts. Globally, the majority of people experience stressful events that may be characterized as traumatic.

Internalizing Psychiatric Symptoms in People With Mosaicism for Trisomy 21.

People with mosaicism for trisomy 21 have been shown to exhibit many of the same phenotypic traits present in people with non-mosaic Down syndrome, but with varying symptom severity. However, the behavioral phenotype of people with mosaic Down syndrome (mDS) has not been well characterized. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of self-report and caregiver-report symptoms of depression and anxiety among a sample of 62 participants with mDS aged 12-46 and assess their association with the percentage of trisomy 21 in blood and/or buccal mucosa cells.

Posttraumatic stress disorder and its cross-generational familial relationship with drug use disorder and alcohol use disorder: an extended Swedish adoption study.

Information on how parental risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relates to their children's risk for drug use disorder (DUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is limited. This study is the first to utilize an extended adoption design which can address questions about the degree of, and sources of, cross-generational and cross-disorder transmission of PTSD and substance use disorders. We examined diagnoses using Swedish National registries for parents and their adult offspring ( = 2,194,171, born 1960-1992) from six types of families (intact (1), not lived with biological father (2) or mother (3), step father (4), step mother (5), and adoptive (6)).

Childhood trauma is associated with developmental trajectories of EEG coherence, alcohol-related outcomes, and PTSD symptoms.

Background: Associations between childhood trauma, neurodevelopment, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are understudied during adolescence.

Methods: Using 1652 participants (51.75% female, baseline = 14.

Depressive symptoms, avoidant coping, and alcohol use: differences based on gender and posttraumatic stress disorder in emerging adults.

Trauma exposure and alcohol use often co-occur. Unveiling predictors of drinking behavior, including among those with varying levels of trauma exposure, can inform behavioral health prevention and treatment efforts in at-risk populations. The current study examined associations between depressive symptoms, avoidant coping, gender, and alcohol use among emerging adults with and without trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Assessing shared psychological constructs as risk factors in comorbid PTSD-AUD combat-exposed male veterans.

PTSD and AUD are frequently comorbid post-trauma outcomes. Much remains unknown about shared risk factors as PTSD and AUD work tends to be conducted in isolation. We examined how self-report measures of distress tolerance (DT), experiential avoidance (EA), and drinking motives (DM) differed across diagnostic groups in white, male combat-exposed veterans ( = 77).

Internalizing Psychiatric Symptoms in People with Mosaicism for Trisomy 21.

People with mosaicism for trisomy 21 have been shown to exhibit the many of same phenotypic traits present in people with non-mosaic Down syndrome, but with varying symptom severity. However, the behavioral phenotype of people with mosaic Down syndrome (mDS) has not been well characterized. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of self-report and caregiver-report symptoms of depression and anxiety among a sample of 62 participants with mDS aged 12 - 46, and assess their association with the percentage of trisomy 21 in blood and/or buccal mucosa cells.

Temporal relations between alcohol use, posttraumatic stress disorder, and internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ecological momentary assessment investigation.

Objective: COVID-19 is a collective stressor associated with both increased mental health symptoms and increased frequency of alcohol use. These increases highlight the need for investigations into the functional relationships between traumatic stress symptoms and alcohol use in the wake of the pandemic. This study sought to use ecological momentary assessment to examine the temporal association of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Extended Swedish Adoption Study of Adverse Stress Responses and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Importance: Twin studies have found that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors within a generation. No study has used an adoption design, which can address questions about the degree and sources of cross-generational transmission of adverse stress responses (ASRs) and PTSD.

Objectives: To examine whether ASRs or PTSD are transmitted from parents to offspring, and to clarify the relative importance of genes and rearing.

Testing Quantitative and Qualitative Sex Effects in a National Swedish Twin-Sibling Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Objective: Twin studies have demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is moderately heritable, and the pattern of findings across studies suggests higher heritability in females compared with males. Formal testing of sex differences has yet to be done in twin studies of PTSD. The authors sought to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to PTSD, and to formally test for sex differences, in the largest sample to date of both sexes, among twins and siblings.

The longitudinal mediating role of sleep in associations between COVID-19 stressors predicting mental and physical health outcomes among emerging adult college students.

The current study tested a longitudinal mediation model throughout the COVID-19 pandemic focused on whether students' housing instability stress and food/financial instability stress at the beginning of the pandemic in spring 2020 (T1) informed sleep dissatisfaction and duration in fall 2020 (T2) and, in turn, physical and mental health in spring 2021 (T3). Further, we tested whether relations varied based on students' ethnic-racial backgrounds. Participants included 879 Asian, Black, Latine, Multiracial, and White emerging adult college students (Mage = 19.

Genetic influences on testosterone and PTSD.

Females are twice as likely to experience PTSD as compared to males. Although sex differences in prevalence are well-established, little is known about why such sex differences occur. Biological factors that vary with sex, including sex hormone production, may contribute to these differences.

Interpersonal ethnic-racial discrimination and tobacco products: The moderating role of critical action.

Objective: The present study aimed to understand the role of critical action, sociopolitical participation, an essential form of consciousness in the relationship between interpersonal discrimination and the use of tobacco products.

Method: The present study was part of a more extensive longitudinal study on students' genetic and environmental experiences. To examine these associations, 164 racially minoritized college students ( = 19.