Brand-Specific Differences in the Cytotoxicity of Clear Aligner Materials.

Objective (s): This study aims to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effects of five commonly used clear aligner brands- ClearCorrect, Invisalign, Spark, SureSmile and Essix PLUS- on various cell lines in order to assess their in vitro cytotoxicity and safety.

Materials And Methods: Three cell lines- MRC-5, 3 T3-L1 and Vero- were exposed to the conditioned medium of clear aligner materials. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay.

trans-AB-Corroles containing an oxime moiety: Novel photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of lung cancer.

A series of fourteen trans-AB-corroles containing an oxime moiety were synthesized based on the reactivity of nitrosoalkenes towards dipyrromethanes, to evaluate their potential as a safe therapeutic option for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of lung cancer (LC). These macrocycles exhibited photophysical and acid-base properties suitable for use as photosensitizers (PS) in biological systems. Structure-photodynamic activity relationships were established by evaluating the photodynamic effects of the compounds on human lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1299).

Genetic Variants in Oxidative Stress-Related Genes and Their Impact on Prognosis and Treatment Response in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasia characterized by the fusion gene, which codifies the BCR-ABL protein with increased tyrosine kinase activity. Despite the clinical results for the outstanding tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), drug resistance is a problem in CML management. Genetic variants that alter redox homeostasis by changing antioxidant enzyme expression or activity may influence patient responses and could enhance patient stratification.

Clove Essential Oil as a Source of Antitumoral Compounds Capable of Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Focus on the Effects of β-Caryophyllene and Eugenol in a Glioblastoma Cell Line.

This study aimed to investigate β-Caryophyllene (BCA) pharmacokinetics as well as the potential antitumor activity and mechanism of action of BCA and eugenol (EU), alone or in combination, in U87 glioblastoma (GB) cells. The BCA pharmacokinetic was studied by evaluating its concentration profiles in rat blood and cerebrospinal fluid after oral and intravenous administration. EU and BCA antitumor mechanisms were assessed by comparing their effects in U87 GB cells and non-tumoral HMC3 cells.

Hydrazone-Functionalized -AB-Corroles: Effective Synergy in Photodynamic Therapy of Lung Cancer.

A synthetic route to -AB-corroles combining the macrocyclic core with a hydrazone moiety, based on the reactivity of azoalkenes toward dipyrromethanes, has been established with the aim of developing a new class of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of lung cancer. The study of the photophysical properties of the novel macrocycles allowed the identification of photosensitizers with absorption within the phototherapeutic window and high singlet oxygen quantum yield. Relevant structure-photodynamic activity correlations were established by studying the new corroles-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) in human lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1299).

Unveiling the antitumor mechanism of 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone from Plectranthus hadiensis in glioblastoma.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and prevalent glioma within the central nervous system. Despite considerable efforts, GB continues to exhibit a dismal 5-year survival rate (∼6%). This is largely attributed to unfavorable prognosis and lack of viable treatment options.

Advancements in Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Hematological Neoplasias.

Hematological neoplasias are among the most common cancers worldwide, and the number of new cases has been on the rise since 1990, reaching 1 [...

Batimastat Induces Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Effects in In Vitro Models of Hematological Tumors.

The role of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in hematological malignancies, like acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS), and multiple myeloma (MM), is well-documented, and these pathologies remain with poor outcomes despite treatment advancements. In this study, we investigated the effects of batimastat (BB-94), an MMP inhibitor (MMPi), in single-administration and daily administration schemes in AML, MDS, and MM cell lines. We used four hematologic neoplasia cell lines: the HL-60 and NB-4 cells as AML models, the F36-P cells as an MDS model, and the H929 cells as a model of MM.

In Vitro Characterization of Reversine-Treated Gingival Fibroblasts and Their Safety Evaluation after In Vivo Transplantation.

Reversine is a purine derivative that has been investigated with regard to its biological effects, such as its anticancer properties and, mostly, its ability to induce the dedifferentiation of adult cells, increasing their plasticity. The obtained dedifferentiated cells have a high potential for use in regenerative procedures, such as regenerative dentistry (RD). Instead of replacing the lost or damaged oral tissues with synthetic materials, RD uses stem cells combined with matrices and an appropriate microenvironment to achieve tissue regeneration.

Anti-Algics in the Therapeutic Response of Breast and Urological Cancers.

The effect of anti-algics on tumor progression and the overall survival of patients is controversial and remains unclear. Herein, we disclose the in vitro effects of the local anesthetics lidocaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine on breast (MCF7), prostate (PC3, LNCaP), and bladder (TCCSUP, HT1376) cancer cell lines, both as monotherapy and in combination with standard-of-care therapeutics. Assays for cell proliferation, viability, death profile, and migration were performed.

AZD-7648, a DNA-PK Inhibitor, Induces DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle Arrest in Chronic and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.

The non-homologous end joining pathway is vital for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) playing a critical role. Altered DNA damage response (DDR) in chronic (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) offers potential therapeutic opportunities. We studied the therapeutic potential of AZD-7648 (DNA-PK inhibitor) in CML and AML cell lines.

associated with doxorubicin: cardioprotection and anticancer activity.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the clinic, whose side effects include cardiotoxicity, associated with decreased antioxidant defenses and increased oxidative stress. The association of Dox with natural antioxidants can extend its use if not interfering with its pharmacological potential. In this study, we aimed to understand the effects and mechanisms of the aqueous extract of leaves (EA-Aa) in cancer cells and the co-treatment with Dox, in and models.

Monocytes in the Characterization of Pain in Palliative Patients with Severe Dementia-A Pilot Study.

In assessing and managing pain, when obtaining a self-report is impossible, therapeutic decision-making becomes more challenging. This study aimed to investigate whether monocytes and some membrane monocyte proteins, identified as a cluster of differentiation (CD), could be potential non-invasive peripheral biomarkers in identifying and characterizing pain in patients with severe dementia. We used 53 blood samples from non-oncological palliative patients, 44 patients with pain (38 of whom had dementia) and 0 without pain or dementia (controls).

Parthenolide Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in Lymphoid Malignancies.

Lymphoid malignancies are a group of highly heterogeneous diseases frequently associated with constitutive activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Parthenolide is a natural compound used to treat migraines and arthritis and found to act as a potent NF-κB signaling inhibitor. This study evaluated in vitro parthenolide efficacy in lymphoid neoplasms.

Maximal Exercise Improves the Levels of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Heart Failure Patients.

The impact of exercise on the levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a marker of endothelial repair and angiogenesis, and circulating endothelial cells (CECs), an indicator of endothelial damage, in heart failure patients is largely unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a single exercise bout on the circulating levels of EPCs and CECs in heart failure patients. Thirteen patients with heart failure underwent a symptom-limited maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test to assess exercise capacity.

Zinc: From Biological Functions to Therapeutic Potential.

The trace element zinc (Zn) displays a wide range of biological functions. Zn ions control intercellular communication and intracellular events that maintain normal physiological processes. These effects are achieved through the modulation of several Zn-dependent proteins, including transcription factors and enzymes of key cell signaling pathways, namely those involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and antioxidant defenses.

Recurrent Transient Ischemic Attacks and Stroke Due to Carotid Dissection During Air Travel: A Case Report.

Carotid artery dissection causes 2.5% of ischemic acute strokes and is more common in younger rather than older patients. Extracranial lesions often manifest as transient and reversible neurological deficits until a stroke occurs.

Essential Oils from Côa Valley Lamiaceae Species: Cytotoxicity and Antiproliferative Effect on Glioblastoma Cells.

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Alvespimycin Inhibits Heat Shock Protein 90 and Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) facilitates folding and stability and prevents the degradation of multiple client proteins. One of these HSP90 clients is BCR-ABL, the oncoprotein characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and the target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib. Alvespimycin is an HSP90 inhibitor with better pharmacokinetic properties and fewer side effects than other similar drugs, but its role in overcoming imatinib resistance is not yet clarified.

Brittle Bone Disease: A Case Report.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder. Due to considerable phenotypic variability, a classification was developed for OI subtypes based on clinical features and disease severity. A seven-day-old female was born at 40+1 weeks of gestation whose mother received routine antenatal care and had an uneventful pregnancy.

DNA Damage Response in Cancer Therapy and Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities.

Resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy is a common event among cancer patients and a reason why new cancer therapies and therapeutic strategies need to be in continuous investigation and development. DNA damage response (DDR) comprises several pathways that eliminate DNA damage to maintain genomic stability and integrity, but different types of cancers are associated with DDR machinery defects. Many improvements have been made in recent years, providing several drugs and therapeutic strategies for cancer patients, including those targeting the DDR pathways.

Parvifloron D-based potential therapy for glioblastoma: Inducing apoptosis the mitochondria dependent pathway.

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most malignant and frequent primary tumor of the central nervous system. The lack of diagnostic tools and the poor prognosis associated with this tumor type leads to restricted and limited options of treatment, namely surgical resection and radio-chemotherapy. However, despite these treatments, in almost all cases, patients experience relapse, leading to survival rates shorter than 5 years (∼15-18 months after diagnosis).