Assessment of Cellular Responses in Non-Twisted and Twisted Scaffolds Using a Multiscale Computational Approach.

In bone tissue engineering (BTE), suitable mechanical stimulation is required to support cellular activities during bone regeneration. Now, the implanted BTE scaffolds keep deforming and are subjected to physiological loading, which influences the fluid flow within the scaffold and surrounding tissue. Hence, understanding the mechanobiological changes of a bone cell seeded on the deformed scaffold needs to be specially focused.

DEGAST3D: Learning Deformable 3D Graph Similarity to Track Plant Cells in Unregistered Time Lapse Images.

Tracking plant cells in three-dimensional (3D) tissue captured through light microscopy presents significant challenges due to the large number of densely packed cells, non-uniform growth patterns, and variations in cell division planes across different cell layers. In addition, images of deeper tissue layers are often noisy, and systemic imaging errors further exacerbate the complexity of the task. In this paper, we propose a novel learning-based method DEGAST3D: Learning Deformable 3D GrAph Similarity to Track Plant Cells in Unregistered Time Lapse Images exploits the tightly packed 3D cell structure of plant cells to create a three-dimensional graph for accurate cell tracking.

A Biomimetic Titanium Scaffold With and Without Magnesium Filled for Adjustable Patient-Specific Elastic Modulus.

This study focuses on determining the effective Young's modulus (stiffness) of various lattice structures for titanium scaffolds filled with magnesium and without magnesium. For a specific patient implant the success depends on adequate elastic modulus, which helps proper osteointegration. The Mg-filled portion in the Ti scaffold is expected to dissolve with time as the bone growth through the Ti scaffold porous cavity begins.

3D-Printed Perfusable Lab-on-a-Chip-Based Engineering of MSC-Derived Exosome-Enriched Vascularized Grafts for Skin Regeneration.

Perfusable and functional vascularization is a critical yet unresolved challenge in regenerative medicine, particularly for large tissue constructs where passive diffusion of oxygen and nutrients is insufficient to sustain cellular viability. Without stable microvascular networks, engineered tissues often fail to survive or integrate following implantation, making vascularization a key determinant of clinical success. Conventional strategies─including growth factor supplementation, gene therapy, and endothelial coculture─have demonstrated limited efficacy due to inadequate vasculogenic signaling and compromised cell viability in the engineered niche.

Spectroscopic investigation of hydrogen bond network stability and microplastic leaching in ethanol-based potentised medicines at extreme dilutions during prolonged plastic storage.

The quality and efficacy of pharmaceutical products stored under proper conditions are critical. This study examined the effects of long-term plastic storage on extremely diluted ethanol-based potentised (EP) medicines using advanced spectroscopic techniques. Four medicines, Arnica montana, Rhus toxicodendron, Conium maculatum, and Belladonna, at ultra-high (200C, 1 M) and moderate-high (30C, 200C) potencies, were stored in glass and plastic containers for one month.

Piezoelectric Biomaterials for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering-A Narrative Review.

To examine natural bone's bioelectrical traits, notably its piezoelectricity, and to look into how these characteristics influence bone growth and repair. In the context of exploring the potential of piezoelectric biomaterials, such as biopolymers and bio-ceramics, towards orthopedic and bone regeneration applications, the research seeks to evaluate the significance of piezoelectricity-driven osteogenesis. The paper reviews recent research on bone's electrical and dielectric properties, surface polarization/electrical stimulation effects interacting with cell activity and the effectiveness of piezoelectric biomaterials to support tissues' regenerative process.

Androgen Receptor Influenced Recurrence Score Correlation in Hormone Positive and HER2 Negative Breast Cancer Indian Patients: A Comparative Approach.

Breast cancer (BC) recurrence is a major concern for both patients and healthcare providers. Accurately predicting the risk of BC recurrence can help guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes for a disease-free survival. There are several approaches and models that have been developed to predict BC recurrence risk.

A multiscale modeling to determine in vitro mechanical responses of different cells at the cell-substrate interface under fluid perfusion.

Investigating the influence of different cellular mechanical and physical properties on cells in vitro is important for assessing cellular activities like differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Evaluating the mechanical response of the cells lodged on a scaffold due to variations in substrate roughness, substrate elasticity, fluid flow, and the shapes of the cells is the main goal of the study. In this comprehensive analysis, a combination of the fluid structure interaction method and the submodeled finite element technique was employed to anticipate the mechanical responses across various cells at the interface between cells and the substrate.

Comparing the bone regeneration potential between a trabecular bone and a porous scaffold through osteoblast migration and differentiation: A multiscale approach.

Both cell migration and osteogenic differentiation are critical for successful bone regeneration. Therefore, understanding the mechanobiological aspects that govern these two processes is essential in designing effective scaffolds that promote faster bone regeneration. Studying these two factors at different locations is necessary to manage bone regeneration in various sections of a scaffold.

A Two-Stage Noise-Tolerant Paradigm for Label Corrupted Person Re-Identification.

Supervised person re-identification (Re-ID) approaches are sensitive to label corrupted data, which is inevitable and generally ignored in the field of person Re-ID. In this paper, we propose a two-stage noise-tolerant paradigm (TSNT) for labeling corrupted person Re-ID. Specifically, at stage one, we present a self-refining strategy to separately train each network in TSNT by concentrating more on pure samples.

Oxidative Damage Induced Telomere Mediated Genomic Instability in Cells from Ataxia Telangiectasia Patients.

Our cellular genome is susceptible to cytotoxic lesions which include single strand breaks and double strand breaks among other lesions. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein was one of the first DNA damage sensor proteins to be discovered as being involved in DNA repair and as well as in telomere maintenance. Telomeres help maintain the stability of our chromosomes by protecting the ends from degradation.

Shelf life enhancement technique of Musa acuminata in a controlled environment and optimization of process parameters affecting shelf life using genetic algorithm.

An economical and effective storage solution has been designed in this work for the storage of postharvest fruits and vegetables. Musa acuminata or banana has a shelf life of 5-6 days in open uncontrolled environment. This article reports a storage solution of M.

Chirality-induced Lineage Enforcement of Mechanosensitive Mesenchymal Stem Cells Across Germ Layer Boundaries.

Mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) is instrumental in embryogenesis, tissue repair, and wound healing while the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays role in carcinogenesis. Alteration in microenvironment can modulate cellular signaling and induce EMT and MET. However, modulation of microenvironment to induce MET has been relatively less explored.

In-silico study of type 'B' condylar head fractures and evaluating the influence of two positional screw distance in two-screw osteosynthesis construct.

Clinical fixation screws are common in clinical practices to fix mandibular condyle fractures. Evidence suggests significance of 'working length' that is, distance between proximal and distal fixation screws in proximity to the fracture in orthopaedic implant design. In pursuit of stable implant-bone construct, this study aims to investigate the biomechanical performance of each configuration considered in the study and provide an optimal working length between the screws for clinical reference.

Reconstruction Guided Meta-Learning for Few Shot Open Set Recognition.

In many applications, we are constrained to learn classifiers from very limited data (few-shot classification). The task becomes even more challenging if it is also required to identify samples from unknown categories (open-set classification). Learning a good abstraction for a class with very few samples is extremely difficult, especially under open-set settings.

cartilage-derived peptide delivery via carbon nano-dots for cartilage regeneration.

Targeted delivery of site-specific therapeutic agents is an effective strategy for osteoarthritis treatment. The lack of blood vessels in cartilage makes it difficult to deliver therapeutic agents like peptides to the defect area. Therefore, nucleus-targeting zwitterionic carbon nano-dots (CDs) have immense potential as a delivery vehicle for effective peptide delivery to the cytoplasm as well as nucleus.

Design and development of a patient-specific temporomandibular joint implant: Probing the influence of bone condition on biomechanical response.

Total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement is widely recognized as an effective treatment for TMJ disorders. The long-term stability of TMJ implants depends on two important factors which are design concepts for fixation to anatomical locations in the mandible and bone conditions. Other factors include stress distribution, microstrain in the peri-implant, bone attributes like bone conditions leading to the clinical complications and failures.

Evaluating the cell migration potential of TiO nanorods incorporated in a TiAlV scaffold: A multiscale approach.

Improvement of cell migration by the nano-topographical modification of implant surface can directly or indirectly accelerate wound healing and osseointegration between bone and implant. Therefore, modification of the implant surface was done with TiO nanorod (NR) arrays to develop a more osseointegration-friendly implant in this study. Modulating the migration of a cell, adhered to a scaffold, by the variations of NR diameter, density and tip diameter in vitro is the primary objective of the study.

Biomechanical analysis of the novel S-type dynamic cage by implementation of teaching learning based optimization algorithm - An experimental and finite element study.

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is the most popular and effective procedure for patients with intervertebral disc degeneration, where the degenerated disc is replaced with an interbody implant (widely known as cage). The design of the cage plays a vital role since it has to provide stability for the anterior cervical column without any side-effects. We designed a novel S-type dynamic cage for C4-C5 level, using Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material considering four different shapes namely: square, circle, rectangle and elliptical, for the central window to occupy bone graft.

A Micro-Scale Non-Linear Finite Element Model to Optimize the Mechanical Behavior of Bioprinted Constructs.

Extrusion-based bioprinting is an enabling biofabrication technique that is used to create heterogeneous tissue constructs according to patient-specific geometries and compositions. The optimization of bioinks as per requirements for specific tissue applications is an essential exercise in ensuring clinical translation of the bioprinting technologies. Most notably, optimum hydrogel polymer concentrations are required to ensure adequate mechanical properties of bioprinted constructs without causing significant shear stresses on cells.

Experimental and simulation investigation of surgical needle insertion into soft tissue mimic biomaterial for minimally invasive surgery (MIS).

The surgical needle insertion process is widely applied in medical interference. During the insertion process, the inhomogeneity and denseness of the soft tissues make it tough to detect the essential tissue damage, a rupture occurs that contains huge forces and material deformations. This study is very important, as all the above-mentioned factors are very significant for modern invasive surgery so that the success rate of the surgery can increase and the patient recovers smoothly.

Study of the surgical needle and biological soft tissue interaction phenomenon during insertion process for medical application: A Survey.

The insertion of the surgical needle in soft tissue has involved significant interest in the current time because of its purpose in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and percutaneous events like biopsies, PCNL, and brachytherapy. This study represents a review of the existing condition of investigation on insertion of a surgical needle in biological living soft tissue material. As observes the issue from numerous phases, like, analysis of the cutting forces modeling (insertion), tissue material deformation, analysis of the needle deflection for the period of the needle insertion, and the robot-controlled insertion procedures.